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| [[Vertigo resident survival guide (pediatrics)|'''Resident'''<br>'''Survival'''<br>'''Guide'''<br> Vertigo in Children]]
|[[Vertigo resident survival guide|'''Resident'''<br>'''Survival'''<br>'''Guide''']]
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|[[File:Siren.gif|30px|link=Chest pain resident survival guide]]||<br>||<br>
|[[Vertigo resident survival guide (pediatrics)|'''Resident'''<br>'''Survival'''<br>'''Guide'''<br> Vertigo in Children]]
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{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{ZMalik}}  
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{ZMalik}}  


{{SK}}  
{{SK}} [[Dizziness]] [[Disequilibrium]] [[Lightheadedness]] [[Presyncope]]
 
==[[Vertigo overview|Overview]]==
==Overview==


==Historical Perspective==
==[[Vertigo historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]==
==[[Vertigo classification|Classification]]==


==Classification==
==[[Vertigo pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==
{{familytree/start}}{{familytree | | | | | | | A01 | | | |A01= Classification of Vertigo<ref name="Dieterich2007">{{cite journal|last1=Dieterich|first1=Marianne|title=Central vestibular disorders|journal=Journal of Neurology|volume=254|issue=5|year=2007|pages=559–568|issn=0340-5354|doi=10.1007/s00415-006-0340-7}}</ref><ref name="Karatas2008">{{cite journal|last1=Karatas|first1=Mehmet|title=Central Vertigo and Dizziness|journal=The Neurologist|volume=14|issue=6|year=2008|pages=355–364|issn=1074-7931|doi=10.1097/NRL.0b013e31817533a3}}</ref><ref name="Guerraz2001">{{cite journal|last1=Guerraz|first1=M.|title=Visual vertigo: symptom assessment, spatial orientation and postural control|journal=Brain|volume=124|issue=8|year=2001|pages=1646–1656|issn=14602156|doi=10.1093/brain/124.8.1646}}</ref>}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | }}
{{familytree | | | | | | | B01 | | | |B01=Based on Location of Dysfunction}}
{{familytree | | |,|-|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|-|.| }}
{{familytree | | C01 | | | | | | | |C02|C01=Peripheral<br>Accounts for over 90% of all causes of vertigo|C02=Central}}
{{familytree | | |!| | | | | | | | | |!| }}
{{familytree | | D01 | | | | | | | |D02|D01=Lesion in inner ear or vestibulocochlear nerve|D02=Lesion in brainstem or cerebellum}}
{{familytree | | |!| | | | | | | | | |!| }}
{{familytree | | E01 | | | | | | | |E02|E01=Meniere’s disease<br>Benign positional paroxysmal vertigo''<br>Acute labyrinthitis''<br>Acute vestibular neuronitis''<br>Cholesteatoma''<br>Otosclerosis''<br>Perilymphatic fistula''<br>Acoustic Neuroma''|E02=Brainstem Stroke<br>Vestibular Migraine''<br>Multiple Sclerosis''<br>Cerebellar ischemia or hemorrhage''<br>Cerebellar tumors''<br>lateral medullary syndrome''<br>Chiari malformation''}}
{{Family tree/end}}


==Pathophysiology==
==[[Vertigo causes|Causes]]==


==Causes==
==[[Vertigo differential diagnosis|Differentiating Vertigo from other Diseases]]==
* '''Peripheral''' causes of vertigo includes<ref name="Karatas2008">{{cite journal|last1=Karatas|first1=Mehmet|title=Central Vertigo and Dizziness|journal=The Neurologist|volume=14|issue=6|year=2008|pages=355–364|issn=1074-7931|doi=10.1097/NRL.0b013e31817533a3}}</ref>:
{| class="wikitable"
|'''Disease''' ||  '''Main Feature'''
|-
| [[Ménière’s disease]] || Increased [[endolymph]] volume in [[semicircular canals]]. Recurrent vertigo, aural fullness, hearing loss and [[tinnitus]]
|-
| [[Benign positional paroxysmal vertigo]] || Dislodged [[otoliths]] stimulate vestibular sense organ. Recurrent vertigo, nausea, vomiting, [[torsional]] [[nystagmus]]
|-
| Acute [[labyrinthitis]] || Inflammation of [[labyrinth]]/ [[viral]] or [[bacterial]]. Temporary hearing loss, vertigo, off balance, [[tinnitus]]
|-
| Acute [[vestibular]] [[neuritis]] || Inflammation of [[vestibular]] nerve caused by [[viral]] [[infection]]. Vertigo, hearing intact
|-
| [[Cholesteatoma]] || Cyst/sac of [[keratin]] debris in middle ear. Fullness/pressure in the ear, vertigo, hearing loss, pain
|-
| [[Otosclerosis]] || Abnormal bone growth in middle ear. Vertigo, [[tinnitus]] and, sensorineural hearing loss
|-
| [[Perilymphatic fistula]] || Abnormal connection between the middle ear and inner ear. Fullness/pressure in the ear,  vertigo, hearing loss/sensitive hearing
|}


* '''Central''' causes of vertigo includes<ref name="Kerber2009">{{cite journal|last1=Kerber|first1=Kevin A.|title=Vertigo and Dizziness in the Emergency Department|journal=Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America|volume=27|issue=1|year=2009|pages=39–50|issn=07338627|doi=10.1016/j.emc.2008.09.002}}</ref>:
==[[Vertigo epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]==
{| class="wikitable"
|'''Disease''' || '''Main Feature'''
|-
| [[Brainstem Stroke]] || Vertigo, imbalance, double vision, slurred speech, and altered consciousness.
|-
| [[Vestibular Migraine]] || Mostly unilateral severe throbbing headache, vertigo lasting minutes to hours, sensitivity to motion/light/smell/noise, nausea, vomiting, imbalance.
|-
| [[Multiple Sclerosis]] ||
|-
| Cerebellar [[tumors]] ||
|-
| [[Lateral medullary syndrome]] ||
|-
| [[Chiari malformation]] ||
|}


==Differentiating Vertigo from other Diseases==
==[[Vertigo risk factors|Risk Factors]]==
*Vertigo must be differentiated from other diseases that cause imbalance, [[dizziness]], and [[lightheadedness]].<ref name="pmid16445269">{{cite journal| author=Labuguen RH| title=Initial evaluation of vertigo. | journal=Am Fam Physician | year= 2006 | volume= 73 | issue= 2 | pages= 244-51 | pmid=16445269 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16445269  }} </ref>


==Epidemiology and Demographics==
==[[Vertigo screening|Screening]]==
*Among the patient who presents with [[dizziness]] in the primary care setting, fifty-four percent have vertigo upon investigation.<ref name="Kroenke1992">{{cite journal|last1=Kroenke|first1=Kurt|title=Causes of Persistent Dizziness|journal=Annals of Internal Medicine|volume=117|issue=11|year=1992|pages=898|issn=0003-4819|doi=10.7326/0003-4819-117-11-898}}</ref>


==Screening==
==[[Vertigo natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]==
 
==Risk Factors==
 
==Natural History, Complications and Prognosis==


==Diagnosis==
==Diagnosis==
 
[[Vertigo diagnostic study of choice|Diagnostic study of choice]] | [[Vertigo history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Vertigo physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Vertigo laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Vertigo electrocardiogram|Electrocardiogram]] | [[Vertigo chest x ray|Chest X Ray]] | [[Vertigo echocardiography or ultrasound|Echocardiography or Ultrasound]] | [[Vertigo CT|CT]] | [[Vertigo MRI|MRI]] | [[Vertigo other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Vertigo other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]


==Treatment==
==Treatment==
[[Vertigo medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Vertigo surgery|Surgery]] | [[Vertigo primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Vertigo secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]] | [[Vertigo cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Vertigo future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]]

Latest revision as of 23:38, 7 February 2021
Resident
Survival
Guide


Resident
Survival
Guide
Vertigo in Children

Vertigo Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Vertigo from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Study of Choice

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

X-ray

Echocardiography and Ultrasound

CT

MRI

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Vertigo On the Web

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NICE Guidance

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Risk calculators and risk factors for Vertigo

For patient information, click here

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Zehra Malik, M.B.B.S[2]

Synonyms and keywords: Dizziness Disequilibrium Lightheadedness Presyncope

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Vertigo from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic study of choice | History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | Electrocardiogram | Chest X Ray | Echocardiography or Ultrasound | CT | MRI | Other Imaging Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy | Surgery | Primary Prevention | Secondary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies

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