Ventricular tachycardia historical perspective: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
VisualWikitext
No edit summary
No edit summary
Line 1: Line 1:
'''Early Clinical and Experimental Observations'''
{{Ventricular tachycardia}}
{{CMG}}; '''Associate Editor-in Chief''': [[User:Avirupguha|Avirup Guha, M.B.B.S.]][mailto:avirup.guha@gmail.com]
===Early Clinical and Experimental Observations===


The first electrocardiographic description and evidence of [[Ventricular Tachycardia]] (VT) was given by [[Thomas Lewis]] in 1909. He described a patient with shortness of breath, precordial pain, and dropsy in whom he observed from three to eleven "successive [[extrasystoles]]".<ref>Lewis T(1909). Single and successive extrasystoles. ''Lancet'' 1:382.</ref> He deduced from the [[electrocardiogram]], venous pulse recording, and clinical evidence that the rhythm was of ventricular origin. In 1906, Einthoven had recorded [[ventricular premature beats]] and ventricular [[bigeminy]] using his string galvanometer.<ref>Einthoven W(1906). Le telecardiogramme. ''Arch Int Physiol'' 4:132.</ref> In 1906 Gallavardin did landmark work in France in which he found the reason of instability of VT and its ability to convert in [[Ventricular Fibrillation]].3 He challenged the fact that ventricular tachycardia was no more than a succession of [[extrasystoles]] suggesting that although the two phenomena were intimately related, the same mechanism might not be responsible for both.<ref>Gallavardin L(1922). Extrasystolie ventriculaire a paroxysmes tachycardiques prolonges. ''Arch Mal Coeur'' 15:298.</ref><ref>Gallavardin, L(1926). Tachycardie ventriculaire terminale: complexes alternants ou multiformes: ses rapports avec une forme severe d'extra-systolie ventriculaire. ''Arch Mal Coeur'' 19:153.</ref> Lewis and Smith did experimentation with dogs by simulating VT by ligating [[coronary arteries]] and was able to find characteristics of VT as we have described in the other sections.<ref>Lewis T(1909). The experimental production of paroxysmal tachycardia and the effects of ligation of the coronary arteries. ''Heart'' 1:98.</ref><ref>Smith FM(1918). The ligation of coronary arteries with electrocardiographic study. ''Arch Intern Med'', 22:8.</ref>
The first electrocardiographic description and evidence of [[Ventricular Tachycardia]] (VT) was given by [[Thomas Lewis]] in 1909. He described a patient with shortness of breath, precordial pain, and dropsy in whom he observed from three to eleven "successive [[extrasystoles]]".<ref>Lewis T(1909). Single and successive extrasystoles. ''Lancet'' 1:382.</ref> He deduced from the [[electrocardiogram]], venous pulse recording, and clinical evidence that the rhythm was of ventricular origin. In 1906, Einthoven had recorded [[ventricular premature beats]] and ventricular [[bigeminy]] using his string galvanometer.<ref>Einthoven W(1906). Le telecardiogramme. ''Arch Int Physiol'' 4:132.</ref> In 1906 Gallavardin did landmark work in France in which he found the reason of instability of VT and its ability to convert in [[Ventricular Fibrillation]].3 He challenged the fact that ventricular tachycardia was no more than a succession of [[extrasystoles]] suggesting that although the two phenomena were intimately related, the same mechanism might not be responsible for both.<ref>Gallavardin L(1922). Extrasystolie ventriculaire a paroxysmes tachycardiques prolonges. ''Arch Mal Coeur'' 15:298.</ref><ref>Gallavardin, L(1926). Tachycardie ventriculaire terminale: complexes alternants ou multiformes: ses rapports avec une forme severe d'extra-systolie ventriculaire. ''Arch Mal Coeur'' 19:153.</ref> Lewis and Smith did experimentation with dogs by simulating VT by ligating [[coronary arteries]] and was able to find characteristics of VT as we have described in the other sections.<ref>Lewis T(1909). The experimental production of paroxysmal tachycardia and the effects of ligation of the coronary arteries. ''Heart'' 1:98.</ref><ref>Smith FM(1918). The ligation of coronary arteries with electrocardiographic study. ''Arch Intern Med'', 22:8.</ref>




'''Electrocardiographic Features'''
===Electrocardiographic Features===


Robinson and Herrmann, in 1921, suggested that coronary occlusion was a frequent cause of ventricular tachycardia and the prognosis in these cases appeared to be poor.<ref>Robinson, GC, Herrmann CR(1921): Paroxysmal tachycardia of ventricular origin and its relation to coronary occlusion. ''Heart'' 8:59.</ref> They also suggested the most initial criteria for [[VT classification]]. That was modified later by Rosenberg as well as Dressler and Roesler who pointed out the occasional occurrence of [[fusion beats]] in tracings showing the arrhythmia.<ref>Rosenberg DH(1940). Fusion beats. ''J Lab Clin Med'' 25:919.</ref><ref name="pmid12976333">{{cite journal| author=DRESSLER W, ROESLER H| title=The occurrence in paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia of ventricular complexes transitional in shape to sinoauricular beats; a diagnostic aid. | journal=Am Heart J | year= 1952 | volume= 44 | issue= 4 | pages= 485-93 | pmid=12976333 | doi= | pmc= | url= }} </ref> Since then we have come a long way in making of the diagnostic criteria better with advent of Esophageal<ref name="pmid20278231">{{cite journal| author=BUTTERWORTH S, POINDEXTER CA| title=The esophageal electrocardiogram in arrhythmias and tachycardias. | journal=Am Heart J | year= 1946 | volume= 32 | issue= 6 | pages= 681-8 | pmid=20278231 | doi= | pmc= | url= }} </ref><ref name="pmid14118481">{{cite journal| author=VOGEL JH, TABARI K, AVERILL KH, BLOUNT SG| title=A SIMPLE TECHNIQUE FOR IDENTIFYING P WAVES IN COMPLEX ARRHYTHMIAS. | journal=Am Heart J | year= 1964 | volume= 67 | issue=  | pages= 158-61 | pmid=14118481 | doi= | pmc= | url= }} </ref> & Venous leads and Invasive Electrophylogic Studies.<ref name="pmid623134">{{cite journal| author=Wellens HJ, Bär FW, Lie KI| title=The value of the electrocardiogram in the differential diagnosis of a tachycardia with a widened QRS complex. | journal=Am J Med | year= 1978 | volume= 64 | issue= 1 | pages= 27-33 | pmid=623134 | doi= | pmc= | url= }} </ref>
Robinson and Herrmann, in 1921, suggested that coronary occlusion was a frequent cause of ventricular tachycardia and the prognosis in these cases appeared to be poor.<ref>Robinson, GC, Herrmann CR(1921): Paroxysmal tachycardia of ventricular origin and its relation to coronary occlusion. ''Heart'' 8:59.</ref> They also suggested the most initial criteria for [[VT classification]]. That was modified later by Rosenberg as well as Dressler and Roesler who pointed out the occasional occurrence of [[fusion beats]] in tracings showing the arrhythmia.<ref>Rosenberg DH(1940). Fusion beats. ''J Lab Clin Med'' 25:919.</ref><ref name="pmid12976333">{{cite journal| author=DRESSLER W, ROESLER H| title=The occurrence in paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia of ventricular complexes transitional in shape to sinoauricular beats; a diagnostic aid. | journal=Am Heart J | year= 1952 | volume= 44 | issue= 4 | pages= 485-93 | pmid=12976333 | doi= | pmc= | url= }} </ref> Since then we have come a long way in making of the diagnostic criteria better with advent of Esophageal<ref name="pmid20278231">{{cite journal| author=BUTTERWORTH S, POINDEXTER CA| title=The esophageal electrocardiogram in arrhythmias and tachycardias. | journal=Am Heart J | year= 1946 | volume= 32 | issue= 6 | pages= 681-8 | pmid=20278231 | doi= | pmc= | url= }} </ref><ref name="pmid14118481">{{cite journal| author=VOGEL JH, TABARI K, AVERILL KH, BLOUNT SG| title=A SIMPLE TECHNIQUE FOR IDENTIFYING P WAVES IN COMPLEX ARRHYTHMIAS. | journal=Am Heart J | year= 1964 | volume= 67 | issue=  | pages= 158-61 | pmid=14118481 | doi= | pmc= | url= }} </ref> & Venous leads and Invasive Electrophylogic Studies.<ref name="pmid623134">{{cite journal| author=Wellens HJ, Bär FW, Lie KI| title=The value of the electrocardiogram in the differential diagnosis of a tachycardia with a widened QRS complex. | journal=Am J Med | year= 1978 | volume= 64 | issue= 1 | pages= 27-33 | pmid=623134 | doi= | pmc= | url= }} </ref>


'''Physical Examination'''
===Physical Examination===


Initially [[Phlebography]] was very popular amongst scientists for features of VT. Prinzmetal and Kellogg in 1934 concluded that slower, independent A waves might be encountered in two-thirds of cases of VT.13 Schrire and Vogelpoel discovered that the so-called "cannon" A is encountered in presence of atrioventricular dissociation, but could occur in regular fashion at the same rate in nodal tachycardias.14 The AV dissociation and its reflection was demonstrated by Wilson et al. in 1964. 15 Levine was the first who noted slight irregularity in cycle length in patients with [[ventricular tachycardia]] which was audible
Initially [[Phlebography]] was very popular amongst scientists for features of VT. Prinzmetal and Kellogg in 1934 concluded that slower, independent A waves might be encountered in two-thirds of cases of VT.<ref>Prinzmetal M, Kellogg F(1934): On the significance of the jugular pulse in the clinical diagnosis of ventricular tachycardia. ''Am Heart J'' 9:370.
with the [[stethoscope]].16 In 1927, he mentioned variation in intensity of the first heart sound, due
</ref> Schrire and Vogelpoel discovered that the so-called "cannon" A is encountered in presence of atrioventricular dissociation, but could occur in regular fashion at the same rate in nodal tachycardias.<ref name="pmid13228352">{{cite journal| author=SCHRIRE V, VOGELPOEL L| title=The clinical and electrocardiographic differentiation of supraventricular and ventricular tachycardias with regular rhythm. | journal=Am Heart J | year= 1955 | volume= 49 | issue= 2 | pages= 162-87 | pmid=13228352 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=13228352  }} </ref> The AV dissociation and its reflection was demonstrated by Wilson et al. in 1964. <ref name="pmid14163224">{{cite journal| author=WILSON WS, JUDGE RD, SIEGEL JH| title=A SIMPLE DIAGNOSTIC SIGN IN VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 1964 | volume= 270 | issue=  | pages= 446-8 | pmid=14163224 | doi=10.1056/NEJM196402272700905 | pmc= | url= }} </ref> Levine was the first who noted slight irregularity in cycle length in patients with [[ventricular tachycardia]] which was audible with the [[stethoscope]].<ref>Strong CF, Levine SA(1923): The irregularity of the ventricular rate in paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia. ''Heart'' 10:125.</ref> In 1927, he mentioned variation in intensity of the first heart sound, due to atrioventricular dissociation, and extended these observations in conjunction with Harvey in 1948.<ref>Levine SA(1927). The clinical recognition of paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia. ''Am Heart J'' 3: 177.</ref><ref>Harvey WP, Levine SA(1948) The changing intensity of the first sound in auricular flutter, an aid to the diagnosis hy auscultation. ''Am Heart J'' 35:924.</ref> Harvey and Corrado demonstrated multiple low-frequency sounds audible in [[ventricular tachycardia]] as a differential point.<ref name="pmid13464935">{{cite journal| author=HARVEY WP, CORRADO MA| title=Multiple sounds in paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia; an aid in diagnosis by auscultation. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 1957 | volume= 257 | issue= 7 | pages= 325-9 | pmid=13464935 | doi=10.1056/NEJM195708152570708 | pmc= | url= }} </ref>
to atrioventricular dissociation, and extended these observations in conjunction with Harvey in 1948.17,18 Harvey and Corrado demonstrated multiple low-frequency sounds audible in [[ventricular tachycardia]] as a differential point.19


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 17:26, 20 September 2011

Ventricular tachycardia Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Ventricular Tachycardia from other Disorders

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Study of Choice

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

Chest X Ray

Echocardiography

Cardiac MRI

Other Diagnostic Tests

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Electrical Cardioversion

Ablation

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Ventricular tachycardia historical perspective On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Ventricular tachycardia historical perspective

CDC onVentricular tachycardia historical perspective

Ventricular tachycardia historical perspective in the news

Blogs on Ventricular tachycardia historical perspective

to Hospitals Treating Ventricular tachycardia historical perspective

Risk calculators and risk factors for Ventricular tachycardia historical perspective

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor-in Chief: Avirup Guha, M.B.B.S.[2]

Early Clinical and Experimental Observations

The first electrocardiographic description and evidence of Ventricular Tachycardia (VT) was given by Thomas Lewis in 1909. He described a patient with shortness of breath, precordial pain, and dropsy in whom he observed from three to eleven "successive extrasystoles".[1] He deduced from the electrocardiogram, venous pulse recording, and clinical evidence that the rhythm was of ventricular origin. In 1906, Einthoven had recorded ventricular premature beats and ventricular bigeminy using his string galvanometer.[2] In 1906 Gallavardin did landmark work in France in which he found the reason of instability of VT and its ability to convert in Ventricular Fibrillation.3 He challenged the fact that ventricular tachycardia was no more than a succession of extrasystoles suggesting that although the two phenomena were intimately related, the same mechanism might not be responsible for both.[3][4] Lewis and Smith did experimentation with dogs by simulating VT by ligating coronary arteries and was able to find characteristics of VT as we have described in the other sections.[5][6]


Electrocardiographic Features

Robinson and Herrmann, in 1921, suggested that coronary occlusion was a frequent cause of ventricular tachycardia and the prognosis in these cases appeared to be poor.[7] They also suggested the most initial criteria for VT classification. That was modified later by Rosenberg as well as Dressler and Roesler who pointed out the occasional occurrence of fusion beats in tracings showing the arrhythmia.[8][9] Since then we have come a long way in making of the diagnostic criteria better with advent of Esophageal[10][11] & Venous leads and Invasive Electrophylogic Studies.[12]

Physical Examination

Initially Phlebography was very popular amongst scientists for features of VT. Prinzmetal and Kellogg in 1934 concluded that slower, independent A waves might be encountered in two-thirds of cases of VT.[13] Schrire and Vogelpoel discovered that the so-called "cannon" A is encountered in presence of atrioventricular dissociation, but could occur in regular fashion at the same rate in nodal tachycardias.[14] The AV dissociation and its reflection was demonstrated by Wilson et al. in 1964. [15] Levine was the first who noted slight irregularity in cycle length in patients with ventricular tachycardia which was audible with the stethoscope.[16] In 1927, he mentioned variation in intensity of the first heart sound, due to atrioventricular dissociation, and extended these observations in conjunction with Harvey in 1948.[17][18] Harvey and Corrado demonstrated multiple low-frequency sounds audible in ventricular tachycardia as a differential point.[19]

References

  1. ↑ Lewis T(1909). Single and successive extrasystoles. Lancet 1:382.
  2. ↑ Einthoven W(1906). Le telecardiogramme. Arch Int Physiol 4:132.
  3. ↑ Gallavardin L(1922). Extrasystolie ventriculaire a paroxysmes tachycardiques prolonges. Arch Mal Coeur 15:298.
  4. ↑ Gallavardin, L(1926). Tachycardie ventriculaire terminale: complexes alternants ou multiformes: ses rapports avec une forme severe d'extra-systolie ventriculaire. Arch Mal Coeur 19:153.
  5. ↑ Lewis T(1909). The experimental production of paroxysmal tachycardia and the effects of ligation of the coronary arteries. Heart 1:98.
  6. ↑ Smith FM(1918). The ligation of coronary arteries with electrocardiographic study. Arch Intern Med, 22:8.
  7. ↑ Robinson, GC, Herrmann CR(1921): Paroxysmal tachycardia of ventricular origin and its relation to coronary occlusion. Heart 8:59.
  8. ↑ Rosenberg DH(1940). Fusion beats. J Lab Clin Med 25:919.
  9. ↑ DRESSLER W, ROESLER H (1952). "The occurrence in paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia of ventricular complexes transitional in shape to sinoauricular beats; a diagnostic aid". Am Heart J. 44 (4): 485–93. PMID 12976333.
  10. ↑ BUTTERWORTH S, POINDEXTER CA (1946). "The esophageal electrocardiogram in arrhythmias and tachycardias". Am Heart J. 32 (6): 681–8. PMID 20278231.
  11. ↑ VOGEL JH, TABARI K, AVERILL KH, BLOUNT SG (1964). "A SIMPLE TECHNIQUE FOR IDENTIFYING P WAVES IN COMPLEX ARRHYTHMIAS". Am Heart J. 67: 158–61. PMID 14118481.
  12. ↑ Wellens HJ, Bär FW, Lie KI (1978). "The value of the electrocardiogram in the differential diagnosis of a tachycardia with a widened QRS complex". Am J Med. 64 (1): 27–33. PMID 623134.
  13. ↑ Prinzmetal M, Kellogg F(1934): On the significance of the jugular pulse in the clinical diagnosis of ventricular tachycardia. Am Heart J 9:370.
  14. ↑ SCHRIRE V, VOGELPOEL L (1955). "The clinical and electrocardiographic differentiation of supraventricular and ventricular tachycardias with regular rhythm". Am Heart J. 49 (2): 162–87. PMID 13228352.
  15. ↑ WILSON WS, JUDGE RD, SIEGEL JH (1964). "A SIMPLE DIAGNOSTIC SIGN IN VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA". N Engl J Med. 270: 446–8. doi:10.1056/NEJM196402272700905. PMID 14163224.
  16. ↑ Strong CF, Levine SA(1923): The irregularity of the ventricular rate in paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia. Heart 10:125.
  17. ↑ Levine SA(1927). The clinical recognition of paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia. Am Heart J 3: 177.
  18. ↑ Harvey WP, Levine SA(1948) The changing intensity of the first sound in auricular flutter, an aid to the diagnosis hy auscultation. Am Heart J 35:924.
  19. ↑ HARVEY WP, CORRADO MA (1957). "Multiple sounds in paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia; an aid in diagnosis by auscultation". N Engl J Med. 257 (7): 325–9. doi:10.1056/NEJM195708152570708. PMID 13464935.

Template:WS Template:WH

Retrieved from "https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Ventricular_tachycardia_historical_perspective&oldid=600993"