Tuberculosis secondary prevention: Difference between revisions
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
No edit summary |
|||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
__NOTOC__ | __NOTOC__ | ||
{{Tuberculosis}} | {{Tuberculosis}} | ||
{{CMG}} | {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{AL}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Secondary prevention for tuberculosis includes methods | Secondary prevention for tuberculosis includes methods for screening and early diagnosis, such as [[tuberculin skin test]] (TST) and [[IGRAs]]; and to guarantee the correct treatment regimen at the right time to prevent disease progression. | ||
==Secondary Prevention== | ==Secondary Prevention== | ||
Revision as of 13:46, 25 September 2014
|
Tuberculosis Microchapters |
|
Diagnosis |
|---|
|
Treatment |
|
Case Studies |
|
Tuberculosis secondary prevention On the Web |
|
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Tuberculosis secondary prevention |
|
Risk calculators and risk factors for Tuberculosis secondary prevention |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Alejandro Lemor, M.D. [2]
Overview
Secondary prevention for tuberculosis includes methods for screening and early diagnosis, such as tuberculin skin test (TST) and IGRAs; and to guarantee the correct treatment regimen at the right time to prevent disease progression.
Secondary Prevention
Screening
Tuberculin Skin Test
- Children with close contact with a TB confirmed case should be evaluated for tuberculosis infection.
- TST is the test of choice for screening for tuberculosis infection.
Interferon-Gamma Release Assays (IGRAs)
- IGRA can be used in place of (but not in addition to) TST in screening for M. tuberculosis infection in the following conditions:[1]
- A patient have received BCG vaccination
- Groups that historically have poor rates of return for TST reading.
- TST preferred compared to IGRA for TB screening due to its low cost and high accessibility.[2]
Early Diagnosis
- Early detection of tuberculosis disease is important to give treatment at the appropriate time and prevent complications.
- All patients should be routinely asked about:[3]
- History of TB exposure, infection, or disease
- Symptoms or signs of TB disease
- Medical conditions that increase their risk for TB disease
- Patients with the following characteristics should be tested for tuberculosis:[3]
- Cough for ≥3 weeks
- Loss of appetite
- Unexplained weight loss
- Night sweats
- Hemoptysis
- Hoarseness
- Fever
- Fatigue
- Chest pain
- Patient from an endemic area of TB
Prompt Treatment
- Empiric therapy should be started as soon as a patient has tuberculosis disease confirmed.
- Sputum specimens should be sent for culture and DST before starting treatment.
References
- ↑ "CDC Interferon-Gamma Release Assays (IGRAs) - Blood Tests for TB Infection".
- ↑ Hong-Van Tieu, Piyarat Suntarattiwong, Thanyawee Puthanakit, Tawee Chotpitayasunondh, Kulkanya Chokephaibulkit, Sunee Sirivichayakul, Supranee Buranapraditkun, Patcharawee Rungrojrat, Nitiya Chomchey, Simon Tsiouris, Scott Hammer, Vijay Nandi & Jintanat Ananworanich (2014). "Comparing interferon-gamma release assays to tuberculin skin test in thai children with tuberculosis exposure". PloS one. 9 (8): e105003. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0105003. PMID 25121513.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 "CDC Guidelines for Preventing the Transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Health-Care Settings, 2005".