Toxic shock syndrome risk factors: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
m (Bot: Removing from Primary care)
 
(5 intermediate revisions by 4 users not shown)
Line 3: Line 3:
{{CMG}}; {{AE}}{{HK}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}}{{HK}}
==Overview==
==Overview==
[[Menstruating]] women, women using barrier [[contraceptive]] devices, persons who have undergone nasal surgery, and persons with postoperative [[Staphylococcus|staphylococcal]] wound infections are the most important risk factors for toxic shock syndrome.
[[Menstruating]] women, women using barrier [[contraceptive]] devices, persons who have undergone nasal surgery, and persons with postoperative [[Staphylococcus|staphylococcal]] wound infections are the most important risk factors for [[toxic shock syndrome]].


==Risk Factors==
==Risk Factors==


*Absence of protective immunity  
=== Common risk factors ===
*[[Vaginal]] [[colonization]] by [[Staphylococcus aureus|S. aureus]] in [[Menstrual cycle|mensruating]] women using tampons<ref name="pmid16145118">{{cite journal |vauthors=Parsonnet J, Hansmann MA, Delaney ML, Modern PA, Dubois AM, Wieland-Alter W, Wissemann KW, Wild JE, Jones MB, Seymour JL, Onderdonk AB |title=Prevalence of toxic shock syndrome toxin 1-producing Staphylococcus aureus and the presence of antibodies to this superantigen in menstruating women |journal=J. Clin. Microbiol. |volume=43 |issue=9 |pages=4628–34 |year=2005 |pmid=16145118 |pmc=1234102 |doi=10.1128/JCM.43.9.4628-4634.2005 |url=}}</ref>
*[[Infections]]
*[[Nasal]] packing
*Wound [[infection]]
*Recent [[surgery]]
*Compound [[Fractures|fracture]]
 
=== Less common risk factors ===
*Absence of protective [[Immunity (medical)|immunity]]
*[[Parturition]]  
*[[Parturition]]  
*Infections
Although scientists have recognized an association between [[toxic shock syndrome]] ([[Toxic shock syndrome|TSS]]) and tampon use, no firm causal link has been established. Research conducted by the CDC suggested that use of some high absorbency tampons increased the risk of [[Toxic shock syndrome|TSS]] in menstruating women. A few specific tampon designs and high absorbency tampon materials were also found to have some association with increased risk of [[TSS]].  These products and materials are no longer used in tampons sold in the U.S. (The materials include [[polyester]], [[carboxymethylcellulose]] and [[polyacrylate]]).<ref name="Collegian2003-Citrinbaum">{{cite web | author = Citrinbaum, Joanna | year =Oct. 14, 2003 | url=http://www.collegian.psu.edu/archive/2003/10/10-14-03tdc/10-14-03dscihealth-01.asp | title =The question's absorbing: 'Are tampons little white lies?' | work = The Digital Collegian | accessdate =2006-03-20 }}</ref> Tampons made with [[rayon]] do not appear to have a higher risk of [[Toxic shock syndrome|TSS]] than cotton tampons of similar absorbency.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Parsonnet J, Modern P, Giacobbe K |title=Effect of tampon composition on production of toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 by ''Staphylococcus aureus'' in vitro |journal=J Infect Dis |volume=173 |issue=1 |pages=98-103 |year=1996 |pmid=8537689}}</ref>
*[[Menstruation]]
*Nasal packing
*Wound infection
*Recent surgery
 
Although scientists have recognized an association between [[toxic shock syndrome]] ([[Toxic shock syndrome|TSS]]) and tampon use, no firm causal link has been established. Research conducted by the CDC suggested that use of some high absorbency tampons increased the risk of [[Toxic shock syndrome|TSS]] in menstruating women. A few specific tampon designs and high absorbency tampon materials were also found to have some association with increased risk of TSS.  These products and materials are no longer used in tampons sold in the U.S. (The materials include [[polyester]], [[carboxymethylcellulose]] and [[polyacrylate]]).<ref name="Collegian2003-Citrinbaum">{{cite web | author = Citrinbaum, Joanna | year =Oct. 14, 2003 | url=http://www.collegian.psu.edu/archive/2003/10/10-14-03tdc/10-14-03dscihealth-01.asp | title =The question's absorbing: 'Are tampons little white lies?' | work = The Digital Collegian | accessdate =2006-03-20 }}</ref> Tampons made with [[rayon]] do not appear to have a higher risk of [[Toxic shock syndrome|TSS]] than cotton tampons of similar absorbency.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Parsonnet J, Modern P, Giacobbe K |title=Effect of tampon composition on production of toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 by ''Staphylococcus aureus'' in vitro |journal=J Infect Dis |volume=173 |issue=1 |pages=98-103 |year=1996 |pmid=8537689}}</ref>


==References==
==References==
Line 25: Line 28:
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Syndromes]]
[[Category:Syndromes]]
[[Category:Emergency mdicine]]
[[Category:Up-To-Date]]
[[Category:Infectious disease]]
[[Category:Infectious disease]]

Latest revision as of 00:27, 30 July 2020

Toxic shock syndrome Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Toxic Shock Syndrome from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Criteria

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

X Ray

CT

MRI

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Toxic shock syndrome risk factors On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Toxic shock syndrome risk factors

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Toxic shock syndrome risk factors

CDC on Toxic shock syndrome risk factors

Toxic shock syndrome risk factors in the news

Blogs on Toxic shock syndrome risk factors

Directions to Hospitals Treating Toxic shock syndrome

Risk calculators and risk factors for Toxic shock syndrome risk factors

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Syed Hassan A. Kazmi BSc, MD [2]

Overview

Menstruating women, women using barrier contraceptive devices, persons who have undergone nasal surgery, and persons with postoperative staphylococcal wound infections are the most important risk factors for toxic shock syndrome.

Risk Factors

Common risk factors

Less common risk factors

Although scientists have recognized an association between toxic shock syndrome (TSS) and tampon use, no firm causal link has been established. Research conducted by the CDC suggested that use of some high absorbency tampons increased the risk of TSS in menstruating women. A few specific tampon designs and high absorbency tampon materials were also found to have some association with increased risk of TSS. These products and materials are no longer used in tampons sold in the U.S. (The materials include polyester, carboxymethylcellulose and polyacrylate).[2] Tampons made with rayon do not appear to have a higher risk of TSS than cotton tampons of similar absorbency.[3]

References

  1. Parsonnet J, Hansmann MA, Delaney ML, Modern PA, Dubois AM, Wieland-Alter W, Wissemann KW, Wild JE, Jones MB, Seymour JL, Onderdonk AB (2005). "Prevalence of toxic shock syndrome toxin 1-producing Staphylococcus aureus and the presence of antibodies to this superantigen in menstruating women". J. Clin. Microbiol. 43 (9): 4628–34. doi:10.1128/JCM.43.9.4628-4634.2005. PMC 1234102. PMID 16145118.
  2. Citrinbaum, Joanna (Oct. 14, 2003). "The question's absorbing: 'Are tampons little white lies?'". The Digital Collegian. Retrieved 2006-03-20. Check date values in: |year= (help)
  3. Parsonnet J, Modern P, Giacobbe K (1996). "Effect of tampon composition on production of toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 by Staphylococcus aureus in vitro". J Infect Dis. 173 (1): 98–103. PMID 8537689.


Template:WikiDoc Sources