Spina bifida risk factors: Difference between revisions

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==Overview==
==Overview==
Risk factors in the development of spina bifida may be occupational, environmental, [[genetic]], and [[viral]]. Common maternal nutrition risk factors in the development of spina bifida include: [[Alcohol abuse|Alcohol use]], [[caffeine]] use, low [[Folic Acid|folate]] intake, low dietary quality, elevated glycaemic load or index, low [[methionine]] intake, low serum [[choline]] level, low serum [[vitamin B12]] level, low [[vitamin C]] level, low [[zinc]] intake, [[smoking]], [[hyperthermia]], low [[socio-economic status]], maternal [[infections]] and illnesses, pregestational insulin-dependent [[diabetes]], pregestational [[obesity]], [[Psychosocial|psychosocial stress]] and [[valproic acid]] use. Environmental factors in the development of spina bifida include: Ambient air pollution, disinfectant by-products in drinking water, indoor air pollution, nitrate-related compounds, organic solvents, [[pesticides]] and [[polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons]].


==Risk Factors==
==Risk Factors==
===Common Risk Factors===
Common risk factors in the development of spina bifida may be occupational, environmental, [[genetic]], and [[viral]].


2. Environmental factors
Common risk factors in the development of spina bifida include:<ref name="pmid3774437">{{cite journal |vauthors=Quercia F, David A, Mainard R |title=[A new case of human hypodermyiasis with pleuro-pericardial manifestations] |language=French |journal=Pediatrie |volume=41 |issue=3 |pages=243–7 |date=1986 |pmid=3774437 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid5327787">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kenworthy ME |title=Introducing the American Orthopsychiatric Association's president for 1966-67: Norman V. Lourie |journal=Am J Orthopsychiatry |volume=36 |issue=4 |pages=587–9 |date=July 1966 |pmid=5327787 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid1770928">{{cite journal |vauthors=Takagi K, Tashiro T, Mashima Y, Yamamori H, Okui K, Ito I |title=[The effect of human growth hormone on protein metabolism in the surgically stressed state] |language=Japanese |journal=Nihon Geka Gakkai Zasshi |volume=92 |issue=11 |pages=1545–51 |date=November 1991 |pmid=1770928 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid4161975">{{cite journal |vauthors= |title=Isaac Harvey Flack |journal=Lancet |volume=2 |issue=7464 |pages=643–4 |date=September 1966 |pmid=4161975 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid1546916">{{cite journal |vauthors=Cheshire K, Engleman H, Deary I, Shapiro C, Douglas NJ |title=Factors impairing daytime performance in patients with sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome |journal=Arch. Intern. Med. |volume=152 |issue=3 |pages=538–41 |date=March 1992 |pmid=1546916 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid2965325">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bogert JA |title=The American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. Its scope and function |journal=N Y State Dent J |volume=54 |issue=2 |pages=36–7 |date=February 1988 |pmid=2965325 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid22695976">{{cite journal |vauthors=Cremer R |title=[Hyperthermia in spina bifida patients treated with oxybutynin] |language=German |journal=Urologe A |volume=51 |issue=7 |pages=991–5 |date=July 2012 |pmid=22695976 |doi=10.1007/s00120-012-2913-7 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid1508558">{{cite journal |vauthors= |title=Questions & answers about AIDS |journal=Pa Nurse |volume=47 |issue=8 |pages=8–10 |date=August 1992 |pmid=1508558 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid3509193">{{cite journal |vauthors=Forestier F |title=Some aspects of fetal biology |journal=Fetal Ther |volume=2 |issue=4 |pages=181–7 |date=1987 |pmid=3509193 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid19037774">{{cite journal |vauthors=Dosa NP, Foley JT, Eckrich M, Woodall-Ruff D, Liptak GS |title=Obesity across the lifespan among persons with spina bifida |journal=Disabil Rehabil |volume=31 |issue=11 |pages=914–20 |date=2009 |pmid=19037774 |doi=10.1080/09638280802356476 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid2926127">{{cite journal |vauthors=Franken C, Meijer CJ, Dijkman JH |title=Tissue distribution of antileukoprotease and lysozyme in humans |journal=J. Histochem. Cytochem. |volume=37 |issue=4 |pages=493–8 |date=April 1989 |pmid=2926127 |doi=10.1177/37.4.2926127 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid1836511">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sabekiia ON, Sinitsyn VE, Belenkov IuN, Mareev VIu |title=[MR-tomography of the heart in cardiomegaly caused by dilated cardiomyopathy and ischemic heart disease] |language=Russian |journal=Kardiologiia |volume=31 |issue=9 |pages=9–11 |date=September 1991 |pmid=1836511 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
 
Ambient air pollution215,216
 
Disinfectant by-products in drinking water217
 
Indoor air pollution218
 
Nitrate-related compounds219
 
Organic solvents220
 
Pesticides221,222
 
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons223
There are no established risk factors for [disease name].
 
OR
 
The most potent risk factor in the development of [disease name] is [risk factor 1]. Other risk factors include [risk factor 2], [risk factor 3], and [risk factor 4].
 
OR
 
Common risk factors in the development of [disease name] include [risk factor 1], [risk factor 2], [risk factor 3], and [risk factor 4].
===Common Risk Factors===
*Common risk factors in the development of spina bifida may be occupational, environmental, genetic, and viral.
*Common risk factors in the development of spina bifida include:
# Maternal nutrition factors include:
#* Alcohol use
#* Caffeine use
#* Low folate intake  Low dietary quality  Elevated glycaemic load or index  Low methionine intake  Low serum choline level  Low serum vitamin B12 level  Low vitamin C level  Low zinc intake  Smoking  Hyperthermia  Low socio-economic status  Maternal infections and illnesses  Pregestational insulin-dependent diabetes  Pregestational obesity  Psychosocial stress  Valproic acid use
#


===Less Common Risk Factors===
1. Maternal nutrition factors:
*Less common risk factors in the development of [disease name] include:
* [[Alcohol abuse|Alcohol use]]
**[Risk factor 1]
* [[Caffeine]] use
**[Risk factor 2]
* Low [[Folic Acid|folate]] intake
**[Risk factor 3]
* Low dietary quality
* Elevated glycaemic load or index
* Low [[methionine]] intake
* Low serum [[choline]] level
* Low serum [[vitamin B12]] level
* Low [[vitamin C]] level
* Low [[zinc]] intake
* [[Smoking]]
* [[Hyperthermia]]
* Low [[socio-economic status]]
* Maternal [[infections]] and illnesses
* Pregestational insulin-dependent [[diabetes]]
* Pregestational [[obesity]]
* [[Psychosocial|Psychosocial stress]]
* [[Valproic acid]] use
2. Environmental factors:
* Ambient air pollution<ref name="pmid3697063">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sultan Y |title=Epidemiology of HIV infection in multitransfused hemophilic patients in France. French Study Group in Hemophilia |journal=Nouv Rev Fr Hematol |volume=29 |issue=4 |pages=211–4 |date=1987 |pmid=3697063 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
* Disinfectant by-products in drinking water<ref name="pmid2790500">{{cite journal |vauthors=Gottesmann C, Gandolfo G, Zernicki B |title=Hippocampal theta activity in the acute precollicular rat |journal=Brain Res. Bull. |volume=22 |issue=6 |pages=959–62 |date=June 1989 |pmid=2790500 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
* Indoor air pollution<ref name="pmid4898641">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bannur BB, Purandare GM |title=Microbial production of L-lysine |journal=Hindustan Antibiot Bull |volume=11 |issue=3 |pages=191–205 |date=February 1969 |pmid=4898641 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
* Nitrate-related compounds<ref name="pmid1392223">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lindeman RD |title=Changes in renal function with aging. Implications for treatment |journal=Drugs Aging |volume=2 |issue=5 |pages=423–31 |date=1992 |pmid=1392223 |doi=10.2165/00002512-199202050-00006 |url=}}</ref>
* Organic solvents<ref name="pmid3719396">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kukumberg P |title=[Criteria for the EMG diagnosis of tetanic syndromes] |language=Slovak |journal=Bratisl Lek Listy |volume=85 |issue=5 |pages=599–603 |date=May 1986 |pmid=3719396 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
* [[Pesticides]]<ref name="pmid4271111">{{cite journal |vauthors=Baran VM, Iusipova NA, Balesnaia AN |title=[Glycosaminoglycans and glycoproteins of the blood serum in viral hepatitis and jaundice of diverse etiology] |language=Russian |journal=Ter. Arkh. |volume=45 |issue=7 |pages=35–8 |date=July 1973 |pmid=4271111 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
* [[Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons]]<ref name="pmid5048886">{{cite journal |vauthors=Baur HH |title=[Practical and surgical problems of the ileal conduit] |language=German |journal=Urologe A |volume=11 |issue=3 |pages=134–40 |date=May 1972 |pmid=5048886 |doi= |url=}}</ref>


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 19:28, 28 January 2019

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mohamadmostafa Jahansouz M.D.[2]

Overview

Risk factors in the development of spina bifida may be occupational, environmental, genetic, and viral. Common maternal nutrition risk factors in the development of spina bifida include: Alcohol use, caffeine use, low folate intake, low dietary quality, elevated glycaemic load or index, low methionine intake, low serum choline level, low serum vitamin B12 level, low vitamin C level, low zinc intake, smoking, hyperthermia, low socio-economic status, maternal infections and illnesses, pregestational insulin-dependent diabetes, pregestational obesity, psychosocial stress and valproic acid use. Environmental factors in the development of spina bifida include: Ambient air pollution, disinfectant by-products in drinking water, indoor air pollution, nitrate-related compounds, organic solvents, pesticides and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

Risk Factors

Common Risk Factors

Common risk factors in the development of spina bifida may be occupational, environmental, genetic, and viral.

Common risk factors in the development of spina bifida include:[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]

1. Maternal nutrition factors:

2. Environmental factors:

References

  1. ↑ Quercia F, David A, Mainard R (1986). "[A new case of human hypodermyiasis with pleuro-pericardial manifestations]". Pediatrie (in French). 41 (3): 243–7. PMID 3774437.
  2. ↑ Kenworthy ME (July 1966). "Introducing the American Orthopsychiatric Association's president for 1966-67: Norman V. Lourie". Am J Orthopsychiatry. 36 (4): 587–9. PMID 5327787.
  3. ↑ Takagi K, Tashiro T, Mashima Y, Yamamori H, Okui K, Ito I (November 1991). "[The effect of human growth hormone on protein metabolism in the surgically stressed state]". Nihon Geka Gakkai Zasshi (in Japanese). 92 (11): 1545–51. PMID 1770928.
  4. ↑ "Isaac Harvey Flack". Lancet. 2 (7464): 643–4. September 1966. PMID 4161975.
  5. ↑ Cheshire K, Engleman H, Deary I, Shapiro C, Douglas NJ (March 1992). "Factors impairing daytime performance in patients with sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome". Arch. Intern. Med. 152 (3): 538–41. PMID 1546916.
  6. ↑ Bogert JA (February 1988). "The American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. Its scope and function". N Y State Dent J. 54 (2): 36–7. PMID 2965325.
  7. ↑ Cremer R (July 2012). "[Hyperthermia in spina bifida patients treated with oxybutynin]". Urologe A (in German). 51 (7): 991–5. doi:10.1007/s00120-012-2913-7. PMID 22695976.
  8. ↑ "Questions & answers about AIDS". Pa Nurse. 47 (8): 8–10. August 1992. PMID 1508558.
  9. ↑ Forestier F (1987). "Some aspects of fetal biology". Fetal Ther. 2 (4): 181–7. PMID 3509193.
  10. ↑ Dosa NP, Foley JT, Eckrich M, Woodall-Ruff D, Liptak GS (2009). "Obesity across the lifespan among persons with spina bifida". Disabil Rehabil. 31 (11): 914–20. doi:10.1080/09638280802356476. PMID 19037774.
  11. ↑ Franken C, Meijer CJ, Dijkman JH (April 1989). "Tissue distribution of antileukoprotease and lysozyme in humans". J. Histochem. Cytochem. 37 (4): 493–8. doi:10.1177/37.4.2926127. PMID 2926127.
  12. ↑ Sabekiia ON, Sinitsyn VE, Belenkov I, Mareev V (September 1991). "[MR-tomography of the heart in cardiomegaly caused by dilated cardiomyopathy and ischemic heart disease]". Kardiologiia (in Russian). 31 (9): 9–11. PMID 1836511. Vancouver style error: initials (help)
  13. ↑ Sultan Y (1987). "Epidemiology of HIV infection in multitransfused hemophilic patients in France. French Study Group in Hemophilia". Nouv Rev Fr Hematol. 29 (4): 211–4. PMID 3697063.
  14. ↑ Gottesmann C, Gandolfo G, Zernicki B (June 1989). "Hippocampal theta activity in the acute precollicular rat". Brain Res. Bull. 22 (6): 959–62. PMID 2790500.
  15. ↑ Bannur BB, Purandare GM (February 1969). "Microbial production of L-lysine". Hindustan Antibiot Bull. 11 (3): 191–205. PMID 4898641.
  16. ↑ Lindeman RD (1992). "Changes in renal function with aging. Implications for treatment". Drugs Aging. 2 (5): 423–31. doi:10.2165/00002512-199202050-00006. PMID 1392223.
  17. ↑ Kukumberg P (May 1986). "[Criteria for the EMG diagnosis of tetanic syndromes]". Bratisl Lek Listy (in Slovak). 85 (5): 599–603. PMID 3719396.
  18. ↑ Baran VM, Iusipova NA, Balesnaia AN (July 1973). "[Glycosaminoglycans and glycoproteins of the blood serum in viral hepatitis and jaundice of diverse etiology]". Ter. Arkh. (in Russian). 45 (7): 35–8. PMID 4271111.
  19. ↑ Baur HH (May 1972). "[Practical and surgical problems of the ileal conduit]". Urologe A (in German). 11 (3): 134–40. PMID 5048886.

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