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Typically, the route of transmission for rabies is from the bite of an infected animal. People that live in an area, or travel to an area that has a large incidence for rabies, are at a high risk for acquiring rabies from a rabid animal. Handling certain wild animals such as bats or raccoons will put a person at a higher risk.
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{{Rabies}}
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''Risks for travelers:''
==Overview==
The most potent [[risk factor]] for the development of rabies is a bite from an [[Infection (disambiguation)|infected]] animal. People that live in an area, or travel to an area that has a large [[incidence]] for rabies, are at a high risk for acquiring rabies from a rabid animal. Handling certain wild animals such as bats or raccoons will put a person at a higher risk.


Rabies vaccination is not a requirement for entry into any country. However, travelers to rabies-endemic countries should be warned about the risk of acquiring rabies and educated in animal bite prevention strategies (12-16). Travelers with extensive unprotected outdoor exposure such as might be experienced while bicycling, camping, hiking, or engaging in certain occupational activities, might be at higher risk even if their trip is brief. Also, children are considered at higher risk because of their tendencies to play with animals and to not report bites. Casual exposure to cave air is not a concern, but cavers should be warned not to handle bats (3).
==Risk Factors==
 
The following are the [[risk factors]] for rabies:<ref name="urlWHO | Rabies">{{cite web |url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs099/en/ |title=WHO &#124; Rabies |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref><ref name="pmid12675934">{{cite journal |vauthors=Fooks AR, Johnson N, Brookes SM, Parsons G, McElhinney LM |title=Risk factors associated with travel to rabies endemic countries |journal=J. Appl. Microbiol. |volume=94 Suppl |issue= |pages=31S–36S |year=2003 |pmid=12675934 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid21824368">{{cite journal |vauthors=Gong Z, He F, Chen Z |title=Risk factors for human rabies in China |journal=Zoonoses Public Health |volume=59 |issue=1 |pages=39–43 |year=2012 |pmid=21824368 |doi=10.1111/j.1863-2378.2011.01416.x |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid7621206">{{cite journal |vauthors=Dire DJ, Hogan DE, Riggs MW |title=A prospective evaluation of risk factors for infections from dog-bite wounds |journal=Acad Emerg Med |volume=1 |issue=3 |pages=258–66 |year=1994 |pmid=7621206 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid22185767">{{cite journal |vauthors=Gautret P, Ribadeau-Dumas F, Parola P, Brouqui P, Bourhy H |title=Risk for rabies importation from North Africa |journal=Emerging Infect. Dis. |volume=17 |issue=12 |pages=2187–93 |year=2011 |pmid=22185767 |pmc=3311213 |doi=10.3201/eid1712.110300 |url=}}</ref>
* Bites from [[Infection (disambiguation)|infected]] animals
* Exposure to [[urine]] or other secretions of [[Infection (disambiguation)|infected]] animals
* [[Organ transplants]] from infected donors
* The following individuals may have a higher risk of contracting rabies than the general population:
** International travelers
** Animal control officers
** Spelunkers
** Lab workers
** Injuries to the head and the neck region with open wounds may facilitate quicker transmission of the virus to the brain.


==References==
==References==
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[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Viral diseases]]
[[Category:Mononegavirales]]
[[Category:Neurology]]
[[Category:Zoonoses]]
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]
[[Category:Intensive care medicine]]
[[Category:Infectious disease]]
[[Category:Medicine]]

Latest revision as of 23:56, 29 July 2020

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Syed Hassan A. Kazmi BSc, MD [2]

Overview

The most potent risk factor for the development of rabies is a bite from an infected animal. People that live in an area, or travel to an area that has a large incidence for rabies, are at a high risk for acquiring rabies from a rabid animal. Handling certain wild animals such as bats or raccoons will put a person at a higher risk.

Risk Factors

The following are the risk factors for rabies:[1][2][3][4][5]

  • Bites from infected animals
  • Exposure to urine or other secretions of infected animals
  • Organ transplants from infected donors
  • The following individuals may have a higher risk of contracting rabies than the general population:
    • International travelers
    • Animal control officers
    • Spelunkers
    • Lab workers
    • Injuries to the head and the neck region with open wounds may facilitate quicker transmission of the virus to the brain.

References

  1. "WHO | Rabies".
  2. Fooks AR, Johnson N, Brookes SM, Parsons G, McElhinney LM (2003). "Risk factors associated with travel to rabies endemic countries". J. Appl. Microbiol. 94 Suppl: 31S–36S. PMID 12675934.
  3. Gong Z, He F, Chen Z (2012). "Risk factors for human rabies in China". Zoonoses Public Health. 59 (1): 39–43. doi:10.1111/j.1863-2378.2011.01416.x. PMID 21824368.
  4. Dire DJ, Hogan DE, Riggs MW (1994). "A prospective evaluation of risk factors for infections from dog-bite wounds". Acad Emerg Med. 1 (3): 258–66. PMID 7621206.
  5. Gautret P, Ribadeau-Dumas F, Parola P, Brouqui P, Bourhy H (2011). "Risk for rabies importation from North Africa". Emerging Infect. Dis. 17 (12): 2187–93. doi:10.3201/eid1712.110300. PMC 3311213. PMID 22185767.

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