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==Causes==
==Causes==
<br />
Pyonephrosis is commonly caused by bacteria such as ''[[Enterococcus]]'' spp., ''[[Klebsiella pneumoniae|K. pneumoniae]]'', ''[[Candida]]'' spp., ''[[Staphylococcus aureus|S. aureus]]'', ''[[Proteus mirabilis|P. mirabilis]]'', ''[[Pseudomonas aeruginosa|P. aeruginosa]]'' and [[Group B Streptococcus|Group B ''Streptococcus'']]. The accumulation of pus combined with inability to drain due to obstruction results in pyonephrosis. Risk factors include [[immunosuppression]], local factors of the genitourinary tract like [[nephrolithiasis]], pregnancy, tumors etc.
 
==Epidemiology and Demographics==
==Epidemiology and Demographics==



Revision as of 08:55, 17 October 2021

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Harsh Vardhan Chawla, M.B.B.S.[2]

Overview

Pyonephrosis (Greek pyon "pus" + nephros "kidney") is an infection of obstructed renal collecting system leading to accumulation of pus in the renal collecting system. Pus collects in the renal pelvis and eventually causes destruction of the renal parenchyma[1]. Pyonephrosis is sometimes a complication of renal stones, which can be a source of persisting infection. It may also occur spontaneously.

It needs an early diagnosis and immediate intervention as it may progress to Urosepsis. Treatment may require drainage, best performed by nephrostomy.

Pathophysiology

Pathophysiology of Pyonephrosis

Pyonephrosis can be seen as a complication of acute pyelonephritis, usually seen with complete or incomplete obstruction of tubules. Obstruction of ureter and renal pelvis causes dilatation of tubular system which in turn leads to hydronephrosis. The dilatation of the tubular system serves as a nidus for infection because the pathogens multiply easily in obstructed and dilated tubules leading to suppurative inflammation.

Causes

Pyonephrosis is commonly caused by bacteria such as Enterococcus spp., K. pneumoniae, Candida spp., S. aureus, P. mirabilis, P. aeruginosa and Group B Streptococcus. The accumulation of pus combined with inability to drain due to obstruction results in pyonephrosis. Risk factors include immunosuppression, local factors of the genitourinary tract like nephrolithiasis, pregnancy, tumors etc.

Epidemiology and Demographics

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Reference

  1. Rojas-Moreno, Christian (2016). "Pyonephrosis and pyocystis". IDCases. 6: 104–105. doi:10.1016/j.idcr.2016.10.005. ISSN 2214-2509.