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==Historical perspective==
In 1999, the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases ([[NIDDK]]) devised a new classification system.<ref name="pmid10422990">{{cite journal |author=Krieger JN, Nyberg L, Nickel JC |title=NIH consensus definition and classification of prostatitis |journal=JAMA |volume=282 |issue=3 |pages=236–7 |year=1999 |month=July |pmid=10422990 |doi= 10.1001/jama.282.3.236|url=http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=10422990}}</ref><ref name="Nickel1999">{{cite book|author=J. Curtis Nickel|title=Textbook of prostatitis|url=http://books.google.com/?id=YiZz_xDk7rkC&pg=PA27|accessdate=18 April 2010|year=1999|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-901865-04-2|pages=27–}}</ref>  For more specifics about each type of prostatitis, including information on symptoms, treatment, and prognosis, follow the links to the relevant full articles.


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; font-size:85%"
{{CMG}} {{AE}}{{USAMA}}
|-
==Overview==
! Category
In 350 BC, the anatomical positioning and existence of the [[prostate gland]] was explained by [[Herophilus]]. Prostatic incitement was recognised as a cause of [[prostatitis]] in 1800. In 1978 Drach gave the basis of the current classification of [[prostatitis]].
! Pain?
! Bacteria?
! WBCs?
! NIDDK<br />(Current)
! Description
! Meares/Stamey<br />(Old)
|-
| I
| yes
| yes
| yes
| [[Acute prostatitis]]
| style="text-align: left"  | '''Acute prostatitis''' is a bacterial infection of the prostate gland that requires urgent medical treatment.
| Acute bacterial prostatitis
|-
| II
| ±
| yes
| yes
| [[Chronic bacterial prostatitis]]
| style="text-align: left"  |  '''Chronic bacterial prostatitis''' is a relatively rare condition that usually presents as intermittent [[urinary tract infection]]s.
| Chronic bacterial prostatitis
|-
| IIIa
| yes
| no
| yes
| Inflammatory CP/CPPS
| style="text-align: left"  rowspan="2" | [[Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome]], accounting for 90%-95% of prostatitis diagnoses,<ref name="pmid16409145">{{cite journal |author=Habermacher GM, Chason JT, Schaeffer AJ |title=Prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome |journal=Annu. Rev. Med. |volume=57 |issue= |pages=195–206 |year=2006 |pmid=16409145 |doi=10.1146/annurev.med.57.011205.135654}}</ref> used to be known as ''chronic nonbacterial prostatitis''.
| [[Nonbacterial prostatitis]]
|-
| IIIb
| yes
| no
| no
| Noninflammatory CP/CPPS
| [[Prostatodynia]]
|-
| IV
| no
| no
| yes
| [[Asymptomatic inflammatory prostatitis]]
| style="text-align: left"  |'''Asymptomatic inflammatory prostatitis''' patients have no history of genitourinary pain complaints, but [[leukocytosis]] is noted, usually during evaluation for other conditions. Between 6-19% of men have pus cells in their semen but no symptoms.<ref name="pmid18455767">{{cite journal |author=Korrovits P, Ausmees K, Mändar R, Punab M |title=Prevalence of asymptomatic inflammatory (National Institutes of Health Category IV) prostatitis in young men according to semen analysis |journal=Urology |volume=71 |issue=6 |pages=1010–5 |year=2008 |month=June |pmid=18455767 |doi=10.1016/j.urology.2007.12.082 |url=}}</ref>
| (none)
|}


In 1968, Meares and Stamey determined a classification technique based upon the culturing of bacteria.<ref name="pmid4870505">{{cite journal |author=Meares EM, Stamey TA |title=Bacteriologic localization patterns in bacterial prostatitis and urethritis |journal=Invest Urol |volume=5 |issue=5 |pages=492–518 |year=1968 |month=March |pmid=4870505 |doi= |url=}}</ref> This classification is no longer used.
==Historical Perspective==
 
*In 350 BC, [[Herophilus]] first explained the anatomical existence of the [[prostate gland]].<ref name="Textbook of Prostatitis">{{cite book |last=Nickel |first=J Curtis |date=1999 |title=Textbook of Prostatitis |location= Harvard Medical School |publisher=Isis Medical Media |page=3 |isbn=1901865045}}​</ref>
The conditions are distinguished by the different presentation of pain, [[white blood cell]]s (WBCs) in the urine, duration of symptoms and [[bacteria]] [[Microbiological culture|cultured]] from the urine. To help express prostatic secretions that may contain WBCs and bacteria, [[prostate massage]] is sometimes used.<ref name="urlProstatitis: Benign Prostate Disease: Merck Manual Professional">{{cite web |url=http://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/sec18/ch254/ch254b.html |title=Prostatitis: Benign Prostate Disease: Merck Manual Professional |work= |accessdate=2011-07-11}}</ref>
*In 1800, the most common cause of prostatitis was identified to be incitement of the prostatic gland by exertion, instrumentation, alcohol or intercourse.<ref name="Textbook of Prostatitis">{{cite book |last=Nickel |first=J Curtis |date=1999 |title=Textbook of Prostatitis |location= Harvard Medical School |publisher=Isis Medical Media |page=4 |isbn=1901865045}}​</ref>
*In 1815, Legneau elaborated the prostatic [[inflammation]] for the first time.<ref name="Textbook of Prostatitis">{{cite book |last=Nickel |first=J Curtis |date=1999 |title=Textbook of Prostatitis |location= Harvard Medical School |publisher=Isis Medical Media |page=5 |isbn=1901865045}}​</ref>
*In 1906, Young analysed the prostatic fluid for the first time.<ref name="Textbook of Prostatitis">{{cite book |last=Nickel |first=J Curtis |date=1999 |title=Textbook of Prostatitis |location= Harvard Medical School |publisher=Isis Medical Media |page=5 |isbn=1901865045}}​</ref>
*In 1968, Meares and Stamey differentiated the aetiology of [[prostatitis]] by using multi glass test.<ref>{{Cite journal
| author = [[E. M. Meares]] & [[T. A. Stamey]]
| title = Bacteriologic localization patterns in bacterial prostatitis and urethritis
| journal = [[Investigative urology]]
| volume = 5
| issue = 5
| pages = 492–518
| year = 1968
| month = March
| pmid = 4870505
}}</ref>
   
*In 1978, Drach first explained the current classification system.<ref>{{Cite journal
| author = [[G. W. Drach]], [[W. R. Fair]], [[E. M. Meares]] & [[T. A. Stamey]]
| title = Classification of benign diseases associated with prostatic pain: prostatitis or prostatodynia?
| journal = [[The Journal of urology]]
| volume = 120
| issue = 2
| pages = 266
| year = 1978
| month = August
| pmid = 671653
}}</ref>


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}


[[Category:Needs overview]]
[[Category:Medicine]]
[[Category:Inflammations]]
[[Category:Infectious disease]]
[[Category:Nephrology]]
[[Category:Urology]]
[[Category:Urology]]
[[Category:Andrology]]
[[Category:Up-To-Date]]
[[Category:Infectious disease]]
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Needs patient information]]
 
{{WH}}
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Latest revision as of 23:50, 29 July 2020

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Usama Talib, BSc, MD [2]

Overview

In 350 BC, the anatomical positioning and existence of the prostate gland was explained by Herophilus. Prostatic incitement was recognised as a cause of prostatitis in 1800. In 1978 Drach gave the basis of the current classification of prostatitis.

Historical Perspective

  • In 350 BC, Herophilus first explained the anatomical existence of the prostate gland.[1]
  • In 1800, the most common cause of prostatitis was identified to be incitement of the prostatic gland by exertion, instrumentation, alcohol or intercourse.[1]
  • In 1815, Legneau elaborated the prostatic inflammation for the first time.[1]
  • In 1906, Young analysed the prostatic fluid for the first time.[1]
  • In 1968, Meares and Stamey differentiated the aetiology of prostatitis by using multi glass test.[2]
  • In 1978, Drach first explained the current classification system.[3]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Nickel, J Curtis (1999). Textbook of Prostatitis. Harvard Medical School: Isis Medical Media. p. 3. ISBN 1901865045.​
  2. ↑ E. M. Meares & T. A. Stamey (1968). "Bacteriologic localization patterns in bacterial prostatitis and urethritis". Investigative urology. 5 (5): 492–518. PMID 4870505. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  3. ↑ G. W. Drach, W. R. Fair, E. M. Meares & T. A. Stamey (1978). "Classification of benign diseases associated with prostatic pain: prostatitis or prostatodynia?". The Journal of urology. 120 (2): 266. PMID 671653. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
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