Ovarian germ cell tumor risk factors: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | |||
[[Gonadal dysgenesis]] and [[androgen insensitivity syndrome]] are known [[risk factors]] for the [[development]] of [[ovarian]] [[germ cell]] [[tumors]]. There are also other [[maternal]] factors that have been observed to be associated with increased [[Risk factor|risk]] of the [[development]] of these [[tumors]] in daughters. Factors such as [[maternal]] use of exogenous [[hormones]], maternal elevated [[body mass index]], and [[reproductive]] factors. | |||
==Risk Factors== | |||
*[[Ovarian]] [[germ cell]] [[tumors]] tend to affect individuals with [[gonadal dysgenesis]] at a greater extent.<ref name="PleskacovaHersmus2010">{{cite journal|last1=Pleskacova|first1=J.|last2=Hersmus|first2=R.|last3=Oosterhuis|first3=J.W.|last4=Setyawati|first4=B.A.|last5=Faradz|first5=S.M.|last6=Cools|first6=M.|last7=Wolffenbuttel|first7=K.P.|last8=Lebl|first8=J.|last9=Drop|first9=S.L.|last10=Looijenga|first10=L.H.|title=Tumor Risk in Disorders of Sex Development|journal=Sexual Development|volume=4|issue=4-5|year=2010|pages=259–269|issn=1661-5433|doi=10.1159/000314536}}</ref> | |||
*[[Maternal]] [[hormonal]] factors are another things associated with the increased [[Risk factors|risk]] of the [[development]] of [[ovarian]] [[germ cell]] [[tumors]] in daughters. These factors include:<ref name="SharpeSkakkebaek2008">{{cite journal|last1=Sharpe|first1=Richard M.|last2=Skakkebaek|first2=Niels E.|title=Testicular dysgenesis syndrome: mechanistic insights and potential new downstream effects|journal=Fertility and Sterility|volume=89|issue=2|year=2008|pages=e33–e38|issn=00150282|doi=10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.12.026}}</ref><ref name="SkakkebækRajpert-De Meyts2001">{{cite journal|last1=Skakkebæk|first1=N.E.|last2=Rajpert-De Meyts|first2=E.|last3=Main|first3=K.M.|title=Testicular dysgenesis syndrome: an increasingly common developmental disorder with environmental aspects: Opinion|journal=Human Reproduction|volume=16|issue=5|year=2001|pages=972–978|issn=1460-2350|doi=10.1093/humrep/16.5.972}}</ref><ref name="pmid3390378">{{cite journal |vauthors=Walker AH, Ross RK, Haile RW, Henderson BE |title=Hormonal factors and risk of ovarian germ cell cancer in young women |journal=Br. J. Cancer |volume=57 |issue=4 |pages=418–22 |date=April 1988 |pmid=3390378 |pmc=2246577 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | |||
**[[Maternal]] use of exogenous [[hormones]] (ie, supportive [[hormones]] or [[oral contraceptives]]) | |||
**[[Maternal]] high [[body mass index]] | |||
*Other [[reproductive]] factors also has been observed to be associated with the [[development]] of these [[tumors]] such as: | |||
**[[Parity]] | |||
**[[Oral contraceptive]] use | |||
**Age at first and last births | |||
===Mature teratoma=== | |||
*Common [[risk factors]] in the [[malignant transformation]] of [[Mature cystic teratoma|mature teratoma]] include: | |||
** Old age (> 50 years old)<ref name="pmid19038764">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hackethal A, Brueggmann D, Bohlmann MK, Franke FE, Tinneberg HR, Münstedt K |title=Squamous-cell carcinoma in mature cystic teratoma of the ovary: systematic review and analysis of published data |journal=Lancet Oncol. |volume=9 |issue=12 |pages=1173–80 |date=December 2008 |pmid=19038764 |doi=10.1016/S1470-2045(08)70306-1 |url=}}</ref> | |||
** Large [[tumor]] size (> 10 cm) | |||
** Presence of a [[solid]] portion<ref name="ParkKim2008">{{cite journal|last1=Park|first1=Jeong-Yeol|last2=Kim|first2=Dae-Yeon|last3=Kim|first3=Jong-Hyeok|last4=Kim|first4=Yong-Man|last5=Kim|first5=Young-Tak|last6=Nam|first6=Joo-Hyun|title=Malignant transformation of mature cystic teratoma of the ovary: Experience at a single institution|journal=European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology|volume=141|issue=2|year=2008|pages=173–178|issn=03012115|doi=10.1016/j.ejogrb.2008.07.032}}</ref> | |||
===Dysgerminoma=== | |||
*Common [[risk factors]] in the [[development]] of [[dysgerminoma]] are [[gonadal dysgenesis]], [[androgen insensitivity syndrome]] and [[gonadoblastoma]].<ref name="wqd">{{cite book | last = Kliegman | first = Robert | title = Nelson textbook of pediatrics | publisher = Elsevier/Saunders | location = Philadelphia, PA | year = 2011 | isbn = 978-1-4377-0755-7 }}</ref> | |||
{{ | ==References== | ||
{{reflist|2}} | |||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sahar Memar Montazerin, M.D.[2] Monalisa Dmello, M.B,B.S., M.D. [3]
Overview
Gonadal dysgenesis and androgen insensitivity syndrome are known risk factors for the development of ovarian germ cell tumors. There are also other maternal factors that have been observed to be associated with increased risk of the development of these tumors in daughters. Factors such as maternal use of exogenous hormones, maternal elevated body mass index, and reproductive factors.
Risk Factors
- Ovarian germ cell tumors tend to affect individuals with gonadal dysgenesis at a greater extent.[1]
- Maternal hormonal factors are another things associated with the increased risk of the development of ovarian germ cell tumors in daughters. These factors include:[2][3][4]
- Maternal use of exogenous hormones (ie, supportive hormones or oral contraceptives)
- Maternal high body mass index
- Other reproductive factors also has been observed to be associated with the development of these tumors such as:
- Parity
- Oral contraceptive use
- Age at first and last births
Mature teratoma
- Common risk factors in the malignant transformation of mature teratoma include:
Dysgerminoma
- Common risk factors in the development of dysgerminoma are gonadal dysgenesis, androgen insensitivity syndrome and gonadoblastoma.[7]
References
- ↑ Pleskacova, J.; Hersmus, R.; Oosterhuis, J.W.; Setyawati, B.A.; Faradz, S.M.; Cools, M.; Wolffenbuttel, K.P.; Lebl, J.; Drop, S.L.; Looijenga, L.H. (2010). "Tumor Risk in Disorders of Sex Development". Sexual Development. 4 (4–5): 259–269. doi:10.1159/000314536. ISSN 1661-5433.
- ↑ Sharpe, Richard M.; Skakkebaek, Niels E. (2008). "Testicular dysgenesis syndrome: mechanistic insights and potential new downstream effects". Fertility and Sterility. 89 (2): e33–e38. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.12.026. ISSN 0015-0282.
- ↑ Skakkebæk, N.E.; Rajpert-De Meyts, E.; Main, K.M. (2001). "Testicular dysgenesis syndrome: an increasingly common developmental disorder with environmental aspects: Opinion". Human Reproduction. 16 (5): 972–978. doi:10.1093/humrep/16.5.972. ISSN 1460-2350.
- ↑ Walker AH, Ross RK, Haile RW, Henderson BE (April 1988). "Hormonal factors and risk of ovarian germ cell cancer in young women". Br. J. Cancer. 57 (4): 418–22. PMC 2246577. PMID 3390378.
- ↑ Hackethal A, Brueggmann D, Bohlmann MK, Franke FE, Tinneberg HR, Münstedt K (December 2008). "Squamous-cell carcinoma in mature cystic teratoma of the ovary: systematic review and analysis of published data". Lancet Oncol. 9 (12): 1173–80. doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(08)70306-1. PMID 19038764.
- ↑ Park, Jeong-Yeol; Kim, Dae-Yeon; Kim, Jong-Hyeok; Kim, Yong-Man; Kim, Young-Tak; Nam, Joo-Hyun (2008). "Malignant transformation of mature cystic teratoma of the ovary: Experience at a single institution". European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology. 141 (2): 173–178. doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2008.07.032. ISSN 0301-2115.
- ↑ Kliegman, Robert (2011). Nelson textbook of pediatrics. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Saunders. ISBN 978-1-4377-0755-7.