Ovarian germ cell tumor risk factors
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sahar Memar Montazerin, M.D.[2] Monalisa Dmello, M.B,B.S., M.D. [3]
Overview
Gonadal dysgenesis and androgen insensitivity syndrome are known risk factors for the development of ovarian germ cell tumors. There are also other maternal factors that have been observed to be associated with increased risk of the development of these tumors in daughters. Factors such as maternal use of exogenous hormones, maternal elevated body mass index, and reproductive factors.
Risk Factors
- Ovarian germ cell tumors tend to affect individuals with gonadal dysgenesis at a greater extent.[1]
- Maternal hormonal factors are another things associated with the increased risk of the development of ovarian germ cell tumors in daughters. These factors include:[2][3][4]
- Maternal use of exogenous hormones (ie, supportive hormones or oral contraceptives)
- Maternal high body mass index
- Other reproductive factors also has been observed to be associated with the development of these tumors such as:
- Parity
- Oral contraceptive use
- Age at first and last births
Mature teratoma
- Common risk factors in the malignant transformation of mature teratoma include:
Dysgerminoma
- Common risk factors in the development of dysgerminoma are gonadal dysgenesis, androgen insensitivity syndrome and gonadoblastoma.[7]
References
- ↑ Pleskacova, J.; Hersmus, R.; Oosterhuis, J.W.; Setyawati, B.A.; Faradz, S.M.; Cools, M.; Wolffenbuttel, K.P.; Lebl, J.; Drop, S.L.; Looijenga, L.H. (2010). "Tumor Risk in Disorders of Sex Development". Sexual Development. 4 (4–5): 259–269. doi:10.1159/000314536. ISSN 1661-5433.
- ↑ Sharpe, Richard M.; Skakkebaek, Niels E. (2008). "Testicular dysgenesis syndrome: mechanistic insights and potential new downstream effects". Fertility and Sterility. 89 (2): e33–e38. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.12.026. ISSN 0015-0282.
- ↑ Skakkebæk, N.E.; Rajpert-De Meyts, E.; Main, K.M. (2001). "Testicular dysgenesis syndrome: an increasingly common developmental disorder with environmental aspects: Opinion". Human Reproduction. 16 (5): 972–978. doi:10.1093/humrep/16.5.972. ISSN 1460-2350.
- ↑ Walker AH, Ross RK, Haile RW, Henderson BE (April 1988). "Hormonal factors and risk of ovarian germ cell cancer in young women". Br. J. Cancer. 57 (4): 418–22. PMC 2246577. PMID 3390378.
- ↑ Hackethal A, Brueggmann D, Bohlmann MK, Franke FE, Tinneberg HR, Münstedt K (December 2008). "Squamous-cell carcinoma in mature cystic teratoma of the ovary: systematic review and analysis of published data". Lancet Oncol. 9 (12): 1173–80. doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(08)70306-1. PMID 19038764.
- ↑ Park, Jeong-Yeol; Kim, Dae-Yeon; Kim, Jong-Hyeok; Kim, Yong-Man; Kim, Young-Tak; Nam, Joo-Hyun (2008). "Malignant transformation of mature cystic teratoma of the ovary: Experience at a single institution". European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology. 141 (2): 173–178. doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2008.07.032. ISSN 0301-2115.
- ↑ Kliegman, Robert (2011). Nelson textbook of pediatrics. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Saunders. ISBN 978-1-4377-0755-7.