Osteoporosis secondary prevention
|
Osteoporosis Microchapters |
|
Diagnosis |
|---|
|
Treatment |
|
Medical Therapy |
|
Case Studies |
|
Osteoporosis secondary prevention On the Web |
|
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Osteoporosis secondary prevention |
|
Risk calculators and risk factors for Osteoporosis secondary prevention |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]; Raviteja Guddeti, M.B.B.S. [3]; Charmaine Patel, M.D. [4]
Overview
Effective measures for the secondary prevention of osteoporosis include pharmacological therapy and also life style modification as soon as osteoporosis is diagnosed.
Secondary prevention
Effective measures for the secondary prevention of osteoporosis include pharmacological therapy and also life style modification.
Pharmacological therapy
- The primary most important goal for treatment of osteoporosis is to reduce longtime fracture risk in patients. Increasing bone mineral density (BMD) in response to the treatment is far less important than improvement of clinical aspects of osteoporosis, i.e., osteoporotic fracture. Therefore, most of the drugs' efficacy are measured by the extend they improve the fracture risk, in turn of increasing BMD.[3]
- It has to explain for patients that treatment purpose is to reduce their fracture risk in the future. During the treatment, if a single fracture happened, it is not necessarily reflect of treatment failure; despite the major complicates fractures that may need to start alternative treatments or patient referral to specialist.[4]
- Calcium and vitamin D supplementation have been found to be effective in reducing the long term fracture risk, significantly. In order to suggest the people to use vitamin D and calcium supplements, first the physician has to become sure that patient is not able to obtain the nutrients through daily intake. The available supplemental ions of calcium include calcium carbonate and calcium citrate; and vitamin D3 has various dosage forms.[5]
Life style modifications
- Exercise: Exercise promotes the mineralization of bone, and bone accumulation particularly during growth. High impact exercise in particular has been shown to prevent the development of osteoporosis, however it can have a negative effect on bone mineralization in cases of poor nutrition, such as anorexia nervosa and celiac disease.
- Nutrition: A diet high in calcium and vitamin D prevents bone loss. Patients at risk for osteoporosis, such as persons with chronic steroid use are generally treated with vitamin D and calcium supplementation. In renal disease, more active forms of vitamin D, such as 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol or calcitriol are used; as the kidney can not adequately generate calcitriol from calcidiol (25-hydroxycholecalciferol), which is the storage form of vitamin D.
- Quitting smoking helps prevent osteoporosis, as well as other diseases.
- Not drinking alcohol, or drinking only in moderation (1–2 alcoholic beverages/day)
- Taking certain medications linked to osteoporosis (anticonvulsants or corticosteroids) only at the least possible dose and time needed.[1]