Osteoarthritis natural history, complications and prognosis
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Natural History
The orthopedic surgeons are frequently asked by their patients regarding the final outcome and the prognosis of their diseased joint/joints caused by OA. Information about the natural history of OA is very important for upcoming determinations and planing for patients management. Small number of studies are available studied the roll of the radiographic findings, joint congruence, or even the daily life activity on the OA progression.
Hip OA
Its been reported that the patients with unilateral idiopathic hip OA are most likely to develop OA in the contralateral hip. In a 10 years expectancy, the frequencies of OA development and undergoing the total hip total hip replacement (THR) among the contralateral hips considered as normal are 35-45% and 5-20%, respectively. Therefore, due to the importance of this topic and lack of confidential information in this regard, a long-term longitudinal study is needed in order to answer this big question that how often and how long does takes for symptomatic joint injury and requirement of surgical involvement in this regard. Meanwhile, the incidence and prevalence rates of THR in hip OA were 2.5% and 17%, respectively.
Knee OA
Based on the radiological evaluation of knee OA , the incidence rate of knee OA was 2-4% annually and this incidence rate was higher among women. The most importantly its been reported that the incidence rate of OA in radiography evaluations were twice higher than symptomatic OA which highlights the roll of radiography in this regard. In a cohort study, the OA progression in a 3-year evaluation reported to be 15.5%.
Hand OA
The hand as the most common and important peripheral site of osteoarthritis (OA), because the hand involvement in OA could affect patients life through disability. Meanwhile, the base of the thumb, and distal interphalangeal joints (DIPs), proximal interphalangeal joints (PIPs) of fingers are the most common site for hand OA. The prevalence of hand OA among men and women older than 65 years is 64-78% and 71 to 99%, respectively.
Complications
OA is a leading cause of morbidity having a significant effects on patients life and the health care system and even it could cause heavy economic burden.
According to the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons report: movement limitation found in 80% of adults diagnosed with osteoarthritis. Meanwhile, 25 % of these patients facing difficulties in their of daily living activities which 11% of them need personal care assistance and 14% required help with their routine needs.