Nephritic syndrome: Difference between revisions

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Revision as of 22:04, 9 December 2011

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Associate Editor-In-Chief:’’’ Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]

Please Join in Editing This Page and Apply to be an Editor-In-Chief for this topic: There can be one or more than one Editor-In-Chief. You may also apply to be an Associate Editor-In-Chief of one of the subtopics below. Please mail us [3] to indicate your interest in serving either as an Editor-In-Chief of the entire topic or as an Associate Editor-In-Chief for a subtopic. Please be sure to attach your CV and or biographical sketch.

Overview

Not to be confused with nephrotic syndrome

Nephritic syndrome is a collection of signs (known as a syndrome) associated with disorders affecting the kidneys, more specifically glomerular disorders.

Signs and symptoms

Nephritic syndrome is characterized by;

and variable renal insufficiency, with;


The main features are hypertension and RBC casts. The proteinuria in nephritic syndrome is not usually severe, but may occasionally be heavy enough to be in the range usually found in nephrotic syndrome.

Mnemonic: PHAROH = Proteinuria, Hematuria, Azotemia, RBC casts, Oliguria, Hypertension

Diagnosis

Nephritic syndrome is not a specific diagnosis. It is a clinical syndrome and characterized by the above signs.

An anti-streptolysin O titre (or ASOT) is typically done to test for exposure to streptococci.

Pathophysiology

The exact pathophysiology is dependent on the specific diagnosis. However, the common features are an inflammation of the glomeruli, leading to salt and water retention and a reduction in the kidney function.

Differential diagnosis

The two classic diagnoses of nephritic syndrome are:

Nephritic syndrome causes are usually grouped into 'focal proliferative' and 'diffuse proliferative' on the basis of histology (obtained by a renal biopsy).

Focal proliferative

Diffuse proliferative

Treatment

Treatment is dependent on the underlying etiology (cause).

Prognosis

Prognosis depends on the underlying etiology.

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References

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