Intracerebral hemorrhage causes: Difference between revisions

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==Overview==
==Overview==
 
The two major causes of [[intracerebral hemorrhage]] include [[hypertension|long-standing hypertension]] and [[cerebral amyloid angiopathy]].<ref name="pmid22858729">{{cite journal| author=Meretoja A, Strbian D, Putaala J, Curtze S, Haapaniemi E, Mustanoja S et al.| title=SMASH-U: a proposal for etiologic classification of intracerebral hemorrhage. | journal=Stroke | year= 2012 | volume= 43 | issue= 10 | pages= 2592-7 | pmid=22858729 | doi=10.1161/STROKEAHA.112.661603 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22858729  }} </ref><ref name=Hart> Hart, Robert G., Bradley S. Boop, and David C. Anderson. "Oral anticoagulants and intracranial hemorrhage facts and hypotheses." Stroke 26.8 (1995): 1471-1477.</ref><ref name=Knudsen> Knudsen, Katherine A., et al. "Clinical diagnosis of cerebral amyloid angiopathy: validation of the Boston criteria." Neurology 56.4 (2001): 537-539. </ref><ref name=Lovelock>Lovelock, C. E., A. J. Molyneux, and P. M. Rothwell. "Change in incidence and aetiology of intracerebral haemorrhage in Oxfordshire, UK, between 1981 and 2006: a population-based study." The Lancet Neurology 6.6 (2007): 487-493. </ref><ref name="pmid1117973">{{cite journal| author=Rümke CL| title=Letter: Implications of the statement: No side effects were observed. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 1975 | volume= 292 | issue= 7 | pages= 372-3 | pmid=1117973 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=1117973  }} </ref><ref name="pmid23920015">{{cite journal| author=van Asch CJ, Velthuis BK, Greving JP, van Laar PJ, Rinkel GJ, Algra A et al.| title=External validation of the secondary intracerebral hemorrhage score in The Netherlands. | journal=Stroke | year= 2013 | volume= 44 | issue= 10 | pages= 2904-6 | pmid=23920015 | doi=10.1161/STROKEAHA.113.002386 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23920015  }} </ref>
Other causes of [[intracerebral hemorrhage]] include vascular malformations ([[Arteriovenous malformation|arteriovenous malformations (AVMs)]]) [[aneurysms]], drugs ([[cocaine]][[amphetamines]]), and [[vasculitis]].<ref name="pmid22858729">{{cite journal| author=Meretoja A, Strbian D, Putaala J, Curtze S, Haapaniemi E, Mustanoja S et al.| title=SMASH-U: a proposal for etiologic classification of intracerebral hemorrhage. | journal=Stroke | year= 2012 | volume= 43 | issue= 10 | pages= 2592-7 | pmid=22858729 | doi=10.1161/STROKEAHA.112.661603 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22858729  }} </ref><ref name=Hart> Hart, Robert G., Bradley S. Boop, and David C. Anderson. "Oral anticoagulants and intracranial hemorrhage facts and hypotheses." Stroke 26.8 (1995): 1471-1477.</ref>
==Causes==
==Causes==
The two major causes of [[intracerebral hemorrhage]] include:<ref name="pmid22858729">{{cite journal| author=Meretoja A, Strbian D, Putaala J, Curtze S, Haapaniemi E, Mustanoja S et al.| title=SMASH-U: a proposal for etiologic classification of intracerebral hemorrhage. | journal=Stroke | year= 2012 | volume= 43 | issue= 10 | pages= 2592-7 | pmid=22858729 | doi=10.1161/STROKEAHA.112.661603 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22858729  }} </ref><ref name=Hart> Hart, Robert G., Bradley S. Boop, and David C. Anderson. "Oral anticoagulants and intracranial hemorrhage facts and hypotheses." Stroke 26.8 (1995): 1471-1477.</ref><ref name=Knudsen> Knudsen, Katherine A., et al. "Clinical diagnosis of cerebral amyloid angiopathy: validation of the Boston criteria." Neurology 56.4 (2001): 537-539. </ref><ref name=Lovelock>Lovelock, C. E., A. J. Molyneux, and P. M. Rothwell. "Change in incidence and aetiology of intracerebral haemorrhage in Oxfordshire, UK, between 1981 and 2006: a population-based study." The Lancet Neurology 6.6 (2007): 487-493. </ref><ref name="pmid1117973">{{cite journal| author=Rümke CL| title=Letter: Implications of the statement: No side effects were observed. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 1975 | volume= 292 | issue= 7 | pages= 372-3 | pmid=1117973 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=1117973  }} </ref><ref name="pmid23920015">{{cite journal| author=van Asch CJ, Velthuis BK, Greving JP, van Laar PJ, Rinkel GJ, Algra A et al.| title=External validation of the secondary intracerebral hemorrhage score in The Netherlands. | journal=Stroke | year= 2013 | volume= 44 | issue= 10 | pages= 2904-6 | pmid=23920015 | doi=10.1161/STROKEAHA.113.002386 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23920015  }} </ref>
* [[hypertension|Long-standing hypertension]]
**Hypertensive vasculopathy
* [[Cerebral amyloid angiopathy]]
Other causes of [[intracerebral hemorrhage]] include:<ref name="pmid22858729">{{cite journal| author=Meretoja A, Strbian D, Putaala J, Curtze S, Haapaniemi E, Mustanoja S et al.| title=SMASH-U: a proposal for etiologic classification of intracerebral hemorrhage. | journal=Stroke | year= 2012 | volume= 43 | issue= 10 | pages= 2592-7 | pmid=22858729 | doi=10.1161/STROKEAHA.112.661603 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22858729  }} </ref><ref name=Hart> Hart, Robert G., Bradley S. Boop, and David C. Anderson. "Oral anticoagulants and intracranial hemorrhage facts and hypotheses." Stroke 26.8 (1995): 1471-1477.</ref><ref name=Knudsen> Knudsen, Katherine A., et al. "Clinical diagnosis of cerebral amyloid angiopathy: validation of the Boston criteria." Neurology 56.4 (2001): 537-539. </ref><ref name=Lovelock>Lovelock, C. E., A. J. Molyneux, and P. M. Rothwell. "Change in incidence and aetiology of intracerebral haemorrhage in Oxfordshire, UK, between 1981 and 2006: a population-based study." The Lancet Neurology 6.6 (2007): 487-493. </ref><ref name="pmid1117973">{{cite journal| author=Rümke CL| title=Letter: Implications of the statement: No side effects were observed. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 1975 | volume= 292 | issue= 7 | pages= 372-3 | pmid=1117973 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=1117973  }} </ref>
* Vascular malformations
** [[Arteriovenous malformation|Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs)]]
** [[Aneurysms]]
* Drugs
**[[Cocaine]]
**[[Amphetamines]]
* [[Vasculitis]]
* [[Bleeding disorders]]
** [[Liver disease]]
** Anticoagulant medication
** [[Thrombolytic therapy]]
* [[Tumor|Brain tumor]]
* Hemorrhagic transformation of an [[ischemic stroke]]
* [[Moyamoya disease]]
* [[Tumor|Tumors]]
* [[Central nervous system infection|Central nervous system (CNS) infection]]
** [[Encephalitis]]
** [[Herpes simplex]]


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 02:11, 4 December 2016

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sara Mehrsefat, M.D. [2]

Overview

The two major causes of intracerebral hemorrhage include long-standing hypertension and cerebral amyloid angiopathy.[1][2][3][4][5][6] Other causes of intracerebral hemorrhage include vascular malformations (arteriovenous malformations (AVMs)) aneurysms, drugs (cocaineamphetamines), and vasculitis.[1][2]

Causes

The two major causes of intracerebral hemorrhage include:[1][2][3][4][5][6]

Other causes of intracerebral hemorrhage include:[1][2][3][4][5]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Meretoja A, Strbian D, Putaala J, Curtze S, Haapaniemi E, Mustanoja S; et al. (2012). "SMASH-U: a proposal for etiologic classification of intracerebral hemorrhage". Stroke. 43 (10): 2592–7. doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.112.661603. PMID 22858729.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Hart, Robert G., Bradley S. Boop, and David C. Anderson. "Oral anticoagulants and intracranial hemorrhage facts and hypotheses." Stroke 26.8 (1995): 1471-1477.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Knudsen, Katherine A., et al. "Clinical diagnosis of cerebral amyloid angiopathy: validation of the Boston criteria." Neurology 56.4 (2001): 537-539.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Lovelock, C. E., A. J. Molyneux, and P. M. Rothwell. "Change in incidence and aetiology of intracerebral haemorrhage in Oxfordshire, UK, between 1981 and 2006: a population-based study." The Lancet Neurology 6.6 (2007): 487-493.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Rümke CL (1975). "Letter: Implications of the statement: No side effects were observed". N Engl J Med. 292 (7): 372–3. PMID 1117973.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 van Asch CJ, Velthuis BK, Greving JP, van Laar PJ, Rinkel GJ, Algra A; et al. (2013). "External validation of the secondary intracerebral hemorrhage score in The Netherlands". Stroke. 44 (10): 2904–6. doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.113.002386. PMID 23920015.


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