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==Overview==
{{SK}} Rapid deep breathing; breathing - rapid and deep; overbreathing; fast deep breathing; respiratory rate - rapid and deep; HVS
In [[psychiatry]], '''hyperventilation syndrome''' ('''HVS''') is an episodic disorder that often presents with [[chest pain]] and a tingling sensation of the fingertips ([[paresthesia]]) and around the mouth, as well as deep and labored [[Breath|breathing]] (causing [[hyperventilation]]), although [[chronic (medicine)|chronic]] but subtle hyperventilation can cause these symptoms too.
==[[Hyperventilation syndrome overview|Overview]]==


HVS can be part of a [[panic attack]] but, despite all the stigma, most patients are not putting on a show but are in true distress.
==[[Hyperventilation syndrome historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]==


People with HVS feel like they can't get enough air, but the opposite is actually true:  they have too much oxygen and too little carbon dioxide in their blood.  The hyperventilation is self-promulgating as rapid breathing causes [[carbon dioxide]] ({{carbon dioxide}}) levels to fall, and [[respiratory alkalosis]] (high blood [[pH]]) develops. This makes the symptoms worse, which causes the patient to try breathing even faster, which further exacerbates the problem.
==[[Hyperventilation syndrome pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==
==[[Hyperventilation syndrome causes|Causes]]==


The respiratory alkalosis leads to changes in the way the [[nervous system]] fires and leads to the [[paresthesia]], dizziness, and perceptual changes that often accompany this condition.
==[[Hyperventilation syndrome differential diagnosis|Differentiating Hyperventilation syndrome from other Diseases]]==


A rapid traditional intervention is to have the patient breathe into a paper bag, causing [[rebreathing]] and restoration of [[Carbon|C]][[Oxygen|O]]<sub>2</sub> levels. Some physicians do not advise the paper bag rebreathing method due to the possibility of inhaling too much carbon dioxide.
==[[Hyperventilation syndrome epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]==


The same benefits can be obtained from deliberately slowing down the breathing rate by [[counting]] or looking at a the second hand on a [[watch]].  This is often referred to as "7-11 breathing", because a gentle inhalation is stretched out to take 7 seconds (or counts), and the exhalation is slowed to take 11 seconds. 
==[[Hyperventilation syndrome risk factors|Risk Factors]]==


==See also==
==[[Hyperventilation syndrome natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]==
*[[Da costa's syndrome]].


==Diagnosis==
[[Hyperventilation syndrome history and symptoms|History and Symptoms ]] | [[ Hyperventilation syndrome physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Hyperventilation syndrome laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Hyperventilation syndrome electrocardiogram|Electrocardiogram]] | [[Hyperventilation syndrome chest x ray|Chest X Ray]] | [[Hyperventilation syndrome CT|CT]] | [[Hyperventilation syndrome echocardiography or ultrasound|Echocardiography or Ultrasound]] | [[Hyperventilation syndrome other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Hyperventilation syndrome other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]


==Treatment==
[[Hyperventilation syndrome medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Hyperventilation syndrome primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Hyperventilation syndrome secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]] | [[Hyperventilation syndrome cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Hyperventilation syndrome future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]]
==Case Studies==
[[Hyperventilation syndrome case study one|Case #1]]
==Related Chapters==
*[[Da costa's syndrome]]
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[[Category:Psychiatry]]
[[Category:Psychiatry]]
[[Category:Pulmonology]]
[[Category:Pulmonology]]
 
[[Category:Disease]]
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Latest revision as of 22:17, 29 July 2020

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Synonyms and keywords: Rapid deep breathing; breathing - rapid and deep; overbreathing; fast deep breathing; respiratory rate - rapid and deep; HVS

Overview

Historical Perspective

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Hyperventilation syndrome from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | Electrocardiogram | Chest X Ray | CT | Echocardiography or Ultrasound | Other Imaging Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy | Primary Prevention | Secondary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies

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Case #1

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