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'''For patient information click [[Hyperventilation syndrome (patient information)|here]]'''
'''For patient information click [[Hyperventilation syndrome (patient information)|here]]'''


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{{Hyperventilation syndrome}}
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==Overview==
{{SK}} Rapid deep breathing; breathing - rapid and deep; overbreathing; fast deep breathing; respiratory rate - rapid and deep; HVS
In [[psychiatry]], '''hyperventilation syndrome''' ('''HVS''') is an episodic disorder that often presents with [[chest pain]] and a tingling sensation of the fingertips ([[paresthesia]]) and around the mouth, as well as deep and labored [[Breath|breathing]] (causing [[hyperventilation]]), although [[chronic (medicine)|chronic]] but subtle hyperventilation can cause these symptoms too.
==[[Hyperventilation syndrome overview|Overview]]==


HVS can be part of a [[panic attack]] but, despite all the stigma, most patients are not putting on a show but are in true distress.
==[[Hyperventilation syndrome historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]==


People with HVS feel like they can't get enough air, but the opposite is actually true:  they have too much oxygen and too little carbon dioxide in their blood.  The hyperventilation is self-promulgating as rapid breathing causes [[carbon dioxide]] ({{carbon dioxide}}) levels to fall, and [[respiratory alkalosis]] (high blood [[pH]]) develops. This makes the symptoms worse, which causes the patient to try breathing even faster, which further exacerbates the problem.
==[[Hyperventilation syndrome pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==
==[[Hyperventilation syndrome causes|Causes]]==


The respiratory alkalosis leads to changes in the way the [[nervous system]] fires and leads to the [[paresthesia]], dizziness, and perceptual changes that often accompany this condition.
==[[Hyperventilation syndrome differential diagnosis|Differentiating Hyperventilation syndrome from other Diseases]]==


A rapid traditional intervention is to have the patient breathe into a paper bag, causing [[rebreathing]] and restoration of [[Carbon|C]][[Oxygen|O]]<sub>2</sub> levels. Some physicians do not advise the paper bag rebreathing method due to the possibility of inhaling too much carbon dioxide.
==[[Hyperventilation syndrome epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]==


The same benefits can be obtained from deliberately slowing down the breathing rate by [[counting]] or looking at a the second hand on a [[watch]].  This is often referred to as "7-11 breathing", because a gentle inhalation is stretched out to take 7 seconds (or counts), and the exhalation is slowed to take 11 seconds. 
==[[Hyperventilation syndrome risk factors|Risk Factors]]==


==See also==
==[[Hyperventilation syndrome natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]==
*[[Da costa's syndrome]].


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==Diagnosis==
[[Hyperventilation syndrome history and symptoms|History and Symptoms ]] | [[ Hyperventilation syndrome physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Hyperventilation syndrome laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Hyperventilation syndrome electrocardiogram|Electrocardiogram]] | [[Hyperventilation syndrome chest x ray|Chest X Ray]] | [[Hyperventilation syndrome CT|CT]] | [[Hyperventilation syndrome echocardiography or ultrasound|Echocardiography or Ultrasound]] | [[Hyperventilation syndrome other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Hyperventilation syndrome other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]
 
==Treatment==
[[Hyperventilation syndrome medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Hyperventilation syndrome primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Hyperventilation syndrome secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]] | [[Hyperventilation syndrome cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Hyperventilation syndrome future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]]
 
==Case Studies==
 
[[Hyperventilation syndrome case study one|Case #1]]
 
==Related Chapters==
*[[Da costa's syndrome]]
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[[Category:Psychiatry]]
[[Category:Psychiatry]]
[[Category:Pulmonology]]
[[Category:Pulmonology]]
 
[[Category:Disease]]
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{{WikiDoc Sources}}

Latest revision as of 22:17, 29 July 2020

For patient information click here

Hyperventilation syndrome Microchapters

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Overview

Historical Perspective

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Hyperventilation syndrome from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

Chest X Ray

CT

Echocardiography or Ultrasound

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Medical Therapy

Primary Prevention

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Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

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Case #1

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Synonyms and keywords: Rapid deep breathing; breathing - rapid and deep; overbreathing; fast deep breathing; respiratory rate - rapid and deep; HVS

Overview

Historical Perspective

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Hyperventilation syndrome from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | Electrocardiogram | Chest X Ray | CT | Echocardiography or Ultrasound | Other Imaging Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy | Primary Prevention | Secondary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Related Chapters

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