Hyperparathyroidism history and symptoms: Difference between revisions

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====Symptomatic Hyperparathyroidism====
====Symptomatic Hyperparathyroidism====
A few of patients that do present with symptoms, they are commonly associated with the effects of an increased level of calcium. Calcium is involved in trans-synaptic communication within our nervous system, high blood calcium levels have a direct effect on the nervous system. So, most of the symptoms of parathyroid disease are neurological. The most common symptom is fatigue and tiredness. Other symptoms are lack of energy, memory problems, [[Clinical depression|depression]], problems with concentration, and [[sleep disorders|problems sleeping]]. Other manifestations of hyperparathyroidism usually involve the kidney ([[kidney stone|stones]]) and the skeletal system (bone pain due to the development of [[osteoporosis]]).
A few of patients that do present with symptoms, they are commonly associated with the effects of an increased level of calcium. Calcium is involved in trans-synaptic communication within our nervous system, high blood calcium levels have a direct effect on the nervous system. So, most of the symptoms of parathyroid disease are neurological. The most common symptom is fatigue and tiredness. Other symptoms are lack of energy, memory problems, [[Clinical depression|depression]], problems with concentration, and [[sleep disorders|problems sleeping]]. Other manifestations of hyperparathyroidism usually involve the kidney ([[kidney stone|stones]]) and the musculoskeletal system (bone pain due to the development of [[osteoporosis]]).
 
=====Common symptoms=====
The symptoms of hyperparathyroidism can be remembered by the rhyme "'''moans, groans, stones, bones, and psychiatric overtones'''":
The symptoms of hyperparathyroidism can be remembered by the rhyme "'''moans, groans, stones, bones, and psychiatric overtones'''":
*"moans" (complaints of not feeling well)
*"moans" (complaints of not feeling well)
Line 34: Line 34:
*"psychiatric overtones" (lethargy, fatigue, depression, memory problems).
*"psychiatric overtones" (lethargy, fatigue, depression, memory problems).


Other symptoms include: [[headache]]s, [[gastroesophageal reflux disease|gastroesophageal reflux]], decreased sex drive, thinning hair, [[arterial hypertension|hypertension]], and heart palpitations which are often due to bouts of atrial fibrillation. Additional symptoms reported consist of an increase of thirst and urination as a result of calcium excretion in the urine, stomach ulcers, nausea, and a loss of appetite.
=====Less common symptoms====
*[[Headache]]s
[[gastroesophageal reflux disease|Gastroesophageal reflux]]
*Decreased libido
*Thinning of hair
*[[arterial hypertension|Hypertension]]
*Heart palpitations which are often due to bouts of atrial fibrillation
*Polydipsia
*Polyuria
*Peptic ulcers
*Nausea
*Loss of appetite


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 15:48, 23 August 2017

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

The majority of patients with primary hyperparathyroidism are asymptomatic. Asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism patient was expected to dvelop signs ans symptoms, but most of the patients does not becomes symptomatic with time. The hallmark of primary hyperparathyroidism is asymptomatic hypercalcemia. The classic signs and symptoms of primary hyperparathyroidism are present in a few individuals and are summarized by the mnemonic "moans, groans, bones, stones, psychiartic overtones".

History and Symptoms

History

Although majority of patients with hyperparathyroidism have non-specific history, a detailed and thorough history from the patient is necessary. The patient may have a positive history of:

  • Kidney stones
  • Bone pain and tenderness
  • Fragile bones of the limbs and spine that can break easily
  • Frequent and excessive urination
  • Gastrointestinal symptoms like epigastric burning, constipation, indigestion, nausea, and vomiting
  • Feeling tired, ill, and weak
  • Depression and memory disturbances
  • Vitamin D deficiency
  • Renal failure in case secondary hyperparathyroidism is suspected
  • Renal transplant in case tertiary hyperparathyroidism is suspected

Symptoms

Asymptomatic Hyperparathyroidism

The majority of patients with primary hyperparathyroidism are asymptomatic. Asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism patient was expected to dvelop signs ans symptoms, but most of the patients does not becomes symptomatic with time. The hallmark of primary hyperparathyroidism is asymptomatic hypercalcemia.

Symptomatic Hyperparathyroidism

A few of patients that do present with symptoms, they are commonly associated with the effects of an increased level of calcium. Calcium is involved in trans-synaptic communication within our nervous system, high blood calcium levels have a direct effect on the nervous system. So, most of the symptoms of parathyroid disease are neurological. The most common symptom is fatigue and tiredness. Other symptoms are lack of energy, memory problems, depression, problems with concentration, and problems sleeping. Other manifestations of hyperparathyroidism usually involve the kidney (stones) and the musculoskeletal system (bone pain due to the development of osteoporosis).

Common symptoms

The symptoms of hyperparathyroidism can be remembered by the rhyme "moans, groans, stones, bones, and psychiatric overtones":

  • "moans" (complaints of not feeling well)
  • "groans" (abdominal pain, gastroesophageal reflux)
  • "stones" (kidney)
  • "bones" (bone pain)
  • "psychiatric overtones" (lethargy, fatigue, depression, memory problems).

=Less common symptoms

Gastroesophageal reflux

  • Decreased libido
  • Thinning of hair
  • Hypertension
  • Heart palpitations which are often due to bouts of atrial fibrillation
  • Polydipsia
  • Polyuria
  • Peptic ulcers
  • Nausea
  • Loss of appetite

References