|
|
| (13 intermediate revisions by one other user not shown) |
| Line 1: |
Line 1: |
| | __NOTOC__ |
| | '''For patient information, click [[Hyperopia (patient information)|here]]''' |
| | |
| {{DiseaseDisorder infobox | | | {{DiseaseDisorder infobox | |
| Name = Hypermetropia |
| | Name = Hypermetropia | |
| Image = Hypermetropia.png |
| | Image = Hypermetropia.png | |
| Caption = Hyperopia, and restoring of vision with convex lens. |
| | Caption = Hyperopia, and restoring of vision with convex lens. | |
| }} | | }} |
| {{SI}} | | |
| | {{Hyperopia}} |
| {{CMG}} | | {{CMG}} |
|
| |
|
| ==Overview== | | {{SK}} Longsightedness; Farsightedness |
| '''Hyperopia''', also known as '''farsightedness''', '''longsightedness''' or '''hypermetropia''', is a [[defect]] of [[visual system|vision]] caused by an imperfection in the [[eye]] (often when the eyeball is too short or when the [[Lens (anatomy)|lens]] cannot become round enough), causing inability to [[Focus (optics)|focus]] on near objects, and in extreme cases causing a sufferer to be unable to focus on objects at any distance. As an object moves toward the eye, the eye must increase its power to keep the image in focus on the retina. If the power of the cornea and lens is insufficient, as in hyperopia, the image will appear blurred.
| | ==[[Hyperopia overview|Overview]]== |
|
| |
|
| People with hyperopia can experience [[defocus aberration|blurred vision]], [[asthenopia]], [[accommodation (eye)|accommodative dysfunction]], [[binocular vision|binocular dysfunction]], [[amblyopia]], and [[strabismus]].<ref name="AOA Hyperopia">American Optometric Association. ''[http://www.aoa.org/documents/CPG-16.pdf Optometric Clinical Practice Guideline: Care of the patient with hyperopia.]'' 1997.</ref>
| | ==[[Hyperopia historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]== |
|
| |
|
| Hyperopia is often confused with [[presbyopia]],<ref name="WebMD">[http://www.webmd.com/content/article/63/72009 "Eye Health: Presbyopia and Your Eyes."] WebMD.com. October, 2005. Accessed September 21, 2006.</ref><ref>Chou B. [http://www.refractivesource.com/patients/ref_error_pres.htm "Refractive Error and Presbyopia."] Refractive Source.com Accessed September 20, 2006.</ref> another condition that frequently causes blurry near vision.<ref name="AOA Presbyopia">American Optometric Association. ''[http://www.aoa.org/documents/CPG-17.pdf Optometric Clinical Practice Guideline: Care of the patient with presbyopia.]'' 1998.</ref> Presbyopes who report good far vision typically experience blurry near vision because of a reduced accommodative amplitude brought about by natural aging changes with the [[crystalline lens]].<ref name="AOA Presbyopia"/> It is also sometimes referred to as farsightedness, since in otherwise normally-sighted persons it makes it more difficult to focus on near objects than on far objects.<ref>Kazuo Tsubota, Brian S. Boxer Wacher, Dimitri T. Azar, and Douglas D. Koch, editors, , ''Hyperopia and Presbyopia'', New York: Marcel Decker, 2003</ref>
| | ==[[Hyperopia classification|Classification]]== |
|
| |
|
| ==Classification of hyperopia== | | ==[[Hyperopia pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]== |
| Hyperopia is typically classified according to clinical appearance, its severity, or how it relates to the eye's [[accommodation (eye)|accommodative status]].<ref name="AOA Hyperopia"/>
| |
|
| |
|
| ===Classification by clinical appearance=== | | ==[[Hyperopia causes|Causes]]== |
| * Simple hyperopia
| | |
| * Pathological hyperopia
| | ==[[Hyperopia differential diagnosis|Differentiating Hyperopia from Other Diseases]]== |
| * Functional hyperopia
| | |
| | ==[[Hyperopia epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]== |
| | |
| | ==[[Hyperopia risk factors|Risk Factors]]== |
| | |
| | ==[[Hyperopia screening|Screening]]== |
| | |
| | ==[[Hyperopia natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]== |
|
| |
|
| ==Diagnosis== | | ==Diagnosis== |
| [[Visual acuity]] is affected according to the amount of hyperopia, as well as the patient's age, visual demands, and accommodative ability.<ref name="AOA Hyperopia"/> | | [[Hyperopia history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Hyperopia physical examination|Physical Examination]]| [[Hyperopia laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Hyperopia other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Hyperopia other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]] |
|
| |
|
| ==Treatment== | | ==Treatment== |
| Various [[eye care professional]]s, including [[ophthalmologist]]s, [[optometrist]]s, orthoptists, and [[optician]]s, are involved in the treatment and management of hyperopia. At the conclusion of an [[eye examination]], an eye doctor may provide the patient with an [[eyeglass prescription]] for [[corrective lens]]es.
| | [[Hyperopia medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Hyperopia surgery|Surgery]] | [[Hyperopia primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Hyperopia cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Hyperopia future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]] |
| | |
| Minor amounts of hyperopia are sometimes left uncorrected, however, larger amounts may be corrected with [[Lens (optics)#Types of lenses|convex lens]]es in [[eyeglasses]] or [[contact lenses]]. Convex lenses have a positive [[dioptre|dioptric value]], which causes the light to focus closer than its normal range.
| |
|
| |
|
| Hyperopia is sometimes correctable with various [[refractive surgery]] procedures (LASIK). It can also be corrected with special concave lenses.
| | ==Case Studies== |
| | [[Hyperopia case study one|Case #1]] |
|
| |
|
| ==See also== | | ==Related Chapters== |
| *[[myopia|myopia (shortsightedness)]] | | *[[myopia|myopia (shortsightedness)]] |
| | | ==External Links== |
| ==References==
| |
| {{Reflist|2}}
| |
| | |
| ==External links== | |
| *[http://www.pupileyes.com/index.php?content=hyperopia&lang=english pupilEyes - Learn how Hyperopia happens] | | *[http://www.pupileyes.com/index.php?content=hyperopia&lang=english pupilEyes - Learn how Hyperopia happens] |
| *[http://www.ssc.education.ed.ac.uk/resources/vi&multi/eyeconds/Hyper.html Scottish Sensory Centre - Medical Info on Hypermetropia]
| |
| *[http://www.emedicine.com/OPH/topic659.htm Emedicine - Medical Info on refractive disorders]
| |
|
| |
|
| {{Eye pathology}} | | {{Eye pathology}} |
| | | {{WikiDoc Help Menu}} |
| | {{WikiDoc Sources}} |
|
| |
|
| [[Category:Eye]] | | [[Category:Eye]] |
| [[Category:Optometry]] | | [[Category:Optometry]] |
| [[Category:Ophthalmology]] | | [[Category:Ophthalmology]] |
| [[Category:Primary care]] | | [[Category:Disease]] |
| | |
| [[bg:Далекогледство]]
| |
| [[ca:Hipermetropia]]
| |
| [[cs:Dalekozrakost]]
| |
| [[da:Langsynethed]]
| |
| [[de:Weitsichtigkeit]]
| |
| [[et:Kaugnägelikkus]]
| |
| [[es:Hipermetropía]]
| |
| [[eo:Hipermetropio]]
| |
| [[eu:Hipermetropia]]
| |
| [[fr:Hypermétropie]]
| |
| [[it:Ipermetropia]]
| |
| [[he:רוחק ראייה]]
| |
| [[lt:Toliaregystė]]
| |
| [[ml:ദീര്ഘദൃഷ്ടി]]
| |
| [[nl:Verziendheid]]
| |
| [[ja:遠視]]
| |
| [[no:Hypermetropi]]
| |
| [[pl:Nadwzroczność]]
| |
| [[pt:Hipermetropia]]
| |
| [[ru:Дальнозоркость]]
| |
| [[sk:Ďalekozrakosť]]
| |
| [[sl:Daljnovidnost]]
| |
| [[fi:Kaukotaittoisuus]]
| |
| [[sv:Översynthet]]
| |
| [[vi:Viễn thị]]
| |
| [[tr:Hipermetropi (göz kusuru)]]
| |
| [[uk:Далекозорість]]
| |
| [[zh:遠視]]
| |
| | |
| | |
| {{WikiDoc Help Menu}}
| |
| {{WikiDoc Sources}}
| |