Hirsutism: Difference between revisions
Ochuko Ajari (talk | contribs) No edit summary |
Ochuko Ajari (talk | contribs) |
||
| Line 5: | Line 5: | ||
{{Hirsutism}} | {{Hirsutism}} | ||
{{CMG}} | {{CMG}} | ||
== Appearance and evaluation == | == Appearance and evaluation == | ||
Revision as of 14:49, 11 August 2017
For patient information, click here
|
Hirsutism Microchapters |
|
Diagnosis |
|---|
|
Treatment |
|
Medical Therapy |
|
Case Studies |
|
Hirsutism On the Web |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Appearance and evaluation
Hirsutism only affects women, since the rising of androgens causes a male pattern of body hair, particularly in locations where women normally do not develop terminal hair within their puberty (chest, abdomen, back and face). The medical term for excessive hair growth that affect both men and women is hypertrichosis.
One method of evaluating hirsutism is the Ferriman-Gallwey score which gives a score based on the amount and location of hair growth on a woman.
Etiology
The cause of hirsutism can be either an increased level of androgens (male hormones) or an oversensitivity of hair follicles to androgens. Male hormones such as testosterone stimulate hair growth, increase size and intensify the pigmentation of hair. Other symptoms associated with a high level of male hormones include acne and deepening of the voice and increased muscle mass.
Growing evidence implicates high circulating levels of insulin in women to the development of hirsutism. This theory is consistent with the observation that obese (and thus presumably insulin resistant hyperinsulinemic) women are at high risk of becoming hirsute. Further, treatments that lower insulin levels will lead to a reduction in hirsutism.
It is speculated that insulin, at high enough concentration, stimulates the ovarian theca cells to produce androgens. There may also be an effect of high levels of insulin to activate the insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-1) receptor in those same cells. Again, the result is increased androgen production.
The following may be some of the conditions that may increase a woman's normally low level of male hormones:
- Polycystic ovary syndrome
- Cushing's disease
- Tumors in the ovaries or adrenal gland (cancer)
- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
- Insulin resistance
- Drugs like Ciclosporin, conjugated estrogens, Desogestrel and Ethinyl Estradiol, Dexamethasone, ethynodiol diacetate and ethinyl estradiol, Ethosuximide, Fluoxymesterone, Methyltestosterone, Oxandrolone, Oxymetholone, prednisolone, Tiagabine
Physical Examination
Skin
.jpg)
Differential Diagnosis of Causes of Hirsutism
- Idiopathic:
- familial,
- possibly increased sensitivity to androgens.
- variant of normal menopause.
- Polycystic ovarian syndrome.
- obesity
- Drugs:
- androgens,
- anabolic steroids,
- methyltestosterone,
- minoxidil,
- diazoxide,
- phenytoin,
- glucocorticoids,
- cyclosporine.
- phenytoin,
- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia.
- Adrenal virilizing tumor.
- Ovarian virilizing tumor:
- arrhenoblastoma,
- hilus cell tumor.
- Pituitary adenoma.
- pregnancy
- Insulin resistance
- Cushing's syndrome.
- Hypothyroidism (congenital and juvenile).
- Acromegaly.
- Androgen-secreting tumors of the ovaries
- Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors,
- granulosa-theca cell tumors,
- hilus-cell tumors
- hyperprolactinemia
- Testicular feminization.
Treatment
Many women with unwanted hair seek methods of hair removal to control the appearance of hirsutism. But the actual causes should be evaluated by physicians, who can conduct blood tests, pinpoint the specific origin of the abnormal hair growth, and advise on the best course of treatment.
See also
References
- Ferriman D, Gallwey JD: Clinical assessment of body hair growth in women. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology 1961; 21:1440-1447.
bg:Хирзутизъм
de:Hirsutismus
et:Hirsutism
id:Hirsutisme
nl:Hirsutisme