Goiter pathophysiology: Difference between revisions

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*In order to compensate for inadequate hormone synthesis the thyroid gland enlarges, this type of compensation overcomes mild to moderate hormonal impairment.
*In order to compensate for inadequate hormone synthesis the thyroid gland enlarges, this type of compensation overcomes mild to moderate hormonal impairment.


*The pathophysiological consequences of goitres results from one of the following:-
*'''<u>The pathophysiological consequences of goitres results from one of the following</u>:'''
**The effect of thyroid hormone dysfunction
**''The effect of thyroid hormone dysfunction''
**The effect of enlarged thyroid gland
**''The effect of enlarged thyroid gland''
**The effect of primary disease causing goitre
**''The effect of primary disease causing goitre''


*The effect of thyroid hormone dysfunction:
*'''''The effect of thyroid hormone dysfunction:'''''
**Thyroid hyperfunction (hyperthyroidism) → Features of hyperthyroidism
**Thyroid hyperfunction (hyperthyroidism) → Features of hyperthyroidism
**Thyroid hypofunction (hypothyroidism) → Features of hypothyroidism
**Thyroid hypofunction (hypothyroidism) → Features of hypothyroidism


*The effect of enlarged thyroid gland:
*'''''The effect of enlarged thyroid gland:'''''
**Effect on the trachea → dyspnea
**Effect on the trachea → dyspnea
**Effect on the esophagus → dysphagia
**Effect on the esophagus → dysphagia
Line 54: Line 54:
**Effect on the recurrent laryngeal nerve → horsiness of voice
**Effect on the recurrent laryngeal nerve → horsiness of voice


*The effect of primary disease causing goitre:
*'''''The effect of primary disease causing goitre:'''''
**The effect depends on the underlying disease
**The effect depends on the underlying disease



Revision as of 03:21, 11 September 2017

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

Overview

The exact pathogenesis of [disease name] is not fully understood.

OR

It is thought that [disease name] is the result of / is mediated by / is produced by / is caused by either [hypothesis 1], [hypothesis 2], or [hypothesis 3].

OR

[Pathogen name] is usually transmitted via the [transmission route] route to the human host.

OR

Following transmission/ingestion, the [pathogen] uses the [entry site] to invade the [cell name] cell.

OR


[Disease or malignancy name] arises from [cell name]s, which are [cell type] cells that are normally involved in [function of cells].

OR

The progression to [disease name] usually involves the [molecular pathway].

OR

The pathophysiology of [disease/malignancy] depends on the histological subtype.

Pathophysiology

Pathogenesis

  • Goiters may can occur as a result of either hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, or when the levels of thyroid hormone are normal.
  • Thyroid enlargement (goiter) and hypothyroidism may occur due to compensatory responses as a result of a severe underlying disorder.
  • When the thyroid gland can't secrete enough thyroid hormone to cater too the metabolic requirements, it may lead to simple goiter.
  • In order to compensate for inadequate hormone synthesis the thyroid gland enlarges, this type of compensation overcomes mild to moderate hormonal impairment.
  • The pathophysiological consequences of goitres results from one of the following:
    • The effect of thyroid hormone dysfunction
    • The effect of enlarged thyroid gland
    • The effect of primary disease causing goitre
  • The effect of thyroid hormone dysfunction:
    • Thyroid hyperfunction (hyperthyroidism) → Features of hyperthyroidism
    • Thyroid hypofunction (hypothyroidism) → Features of hypothyroidism
  • The effect of enlarged thyroid gland:
    • Effect on the trachea → dyspnea
    • Effect on the esophagus → dysphagia
    • Effect on the superior venacava → distended neck veins
    • Effect on the recurrent laryngeal nerve → horsiness of voice
  • The effect of primary disease causing goitre:
    • The effect depends on the underlying disease

Genetics

  • [Disease name] is transmitted in [mode of genetic transmission] pattern.
  • Genes involved in the pathogenesis of [disease name] include [gene1], [gene2], and [gene3].
  • The development of [disease name] is the result of multiple genetic mutations.

Associated Conditions

Gross Pathology

  • On gross pathology, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of [disease name].

Microscopic Pathology

  • On microscopic histopathological analysis, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of [disease name].

References

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