Giant cell tumor of bone: Difference between revisions

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__NOTOC__
{{Giant cell tumor of bone}}
{{CMG}}
{{Infobox_Disease |
{{Infobox_Disease |
   Name          = Giant cell tumor of bone |
   Name          = Giant cell tumor of bone |
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   OMIM          = |
   OMIM          = |
   MedlinePlus    = |
   MedlinePlus    = |
  eMedicineSubj  = radio |
  eMedicineTopic = 307 |
   MeshID        = D018212 |
   MeshID        = D018212 |
}}
}}
{{SI}}
{{CMG}}
{{EH}}
==Overview==
'''Giant cell tumor of the bone''' (also called '''giant cell myeloma''' or '''osteoclastoma''') is a relatively uncommon [[tumor]].  It is characterized by the presence of [[multinucleated giant cells]] ([[osteoclast]]-like cells). These tumors are generally [[benign]]. In most patients, the tumors are slow to develop, but may recur locally in as many as 50% of cases. [[Metastasis]] to the [[lung]]s may occur.
==Epidemiology==


Giant cell tumor of the bone accounts for 4-5% of primary bone tumors and 18.2% of benign bone tumors (Gamberi et al, 2003).  Giant cell tumors are mostly benign, however 5-10% of patients may have a malignant tumor.
==[[Giant cell tumor of bone overview|Overview]]==


==Clinical characteristics==
==[[Giant cell tumor of bone historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]==


Patients usually present with pain and limited range of motion caused by tumor's proximity to the joint space. There may be swelling as well, if the tumor has been growing for a long time. Some patients may be asymptomatic until they develop a pathologic fracture at the site of the tumor.
==[[Giant cell tumor of bone pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==


==Imaging==
==[[Giant cell tumor of bone epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology & Demographics]]==


On x-ray, giant cell tumors (GCTs) have a metaepiphyseal location and grow to the articular surface of the involved bone (Murphey et al, 2001). They are distinguishable from other bony tumors in that GCTs usually have a non-sclerotic and sharply defined border. Because giant cell tumors are known to metastasize, when the diagnosis of giant cell tumor is suspected, a chest x-ray or [[computed tomography|CT]] may be needed.
==[[Giant cell tumor of bone risk factors|Risk Factors]]==


[[MRI]] can be used to assess intramedullary and soft tissue extension.
==[[Giant cell tumor of bone screening|Screening]]==


===Diagnostic Findings===
==[[Giant cell tumor of bone causes|Causes of Giant cell tumor of bone]]==


(Images courtesy of RadsWiki)
==[[Giant cell tumor of bone differential diagnosis|Differentiating Giant cell tumor of bone from other Diseases]]==


'''Patient #1'''
==[[Giant cell tumor of bone natural history|Natural History, Complications & Prognosis]]==


<div align="left">
==Diagnosis==
<gallery heights="175" widths="175">
[[Giant cell tumor of bone history and symptoms|History & Symptoms]] | [[Giant cell tumor of bone physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Giant cell tumor of bone laboratory tests|Lab Tests]] | [[Giant cell tumor of bone electrocardiogram|Electrocardiogram]] | [[Giant cell tumor of bone chest x ray|X Ray]] | [[Giant cell tumor of bone CT|CT]] | [[Giant cell tumor of bone MRI|MRI]] | [[Giant cell tumor of bone echocardiography or ultrasound|Echocardiography or Ultrasound]] | [[Giant cell tumor of bone other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Giant cell tumor of bone other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]
Image:Giant-cell-tumor-001.jpg|Giant cell tumor: Distal part of the femur
Image:Giant-cell-tumor-002.jpg|Giant cell tumor: Distal part of the femur
</gallery>
</div>
 
'''Patient #2'''
 
<div align="left">
<gallery heights="175" widths="175">
Image:Giant cell tumor 202.jpg|Giant cell tumor: Distal part of the femur
Image:Giant cell tumor 203.jpg|Giant cell tumor: Distal part of the femur
</gallery>
</div>
 
 
<div align="left">
<gallery heights="175" widths="175">
Image:Giant cell tumor 204.jpg|Giant cell tumor: Distal part of the femur
Image:Giant cell tumor 205.jpg|Giant cell tumor: Distal part of the femur
</gallery>
</div>
 
 
<div align="left">
<gallery heights="175" widths="175">
Image:Giant cell tumor 206.jpg|Giant cell tumor: Distal part of the femur
Image:Giant cell tumor 207.jpg|Giant cell tumor: Distal part of the femur
</gallery>
</div>
 
 
<div align="left">
<gallery heights="175" widths="175">
Image:Giant cell tumor 208.jpg|Giant cell tumor: Distal part of the femur
Image:Giant cell tumor 209.jpg|Giant cell tumor: Distal part of the femur
Image:Giant cell tumor 210.jpg|Giant cell tumor: Distal part of the femur
</gallery>
</div>


==Treatment==
==Treatment==
 
[[Giant cell tumor of bone medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Giant cell tumor of bone surgery|Surgery]] | [[Giant cell tumor of bone primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Giant cell tumor of bone secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]] | [[Giant cell tumor of bone cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Giant cell tumor of bone future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]]
Surgery is the treatment of choice if the tumor is determined to be resectable. Patients with tumors that are not amenable to surgery are treated with radiation therapy (Mendenhall et al, 2006). The situation is complicated in a patient with a pathological fracture. It may be best to immobilize the affected limb and wait for the fracture to heal before performing surgery.
 
==Other bone tumors with giant cells==
 
A number of tumors have giant cells, but are not true benign giant cell tumors. These include, [[aneurysmal bone cyst]], [[chondroblastoma]], simple bone cyst, osteoid [[osteoma]], [[osteoblastoma]], [[osteosarcoma]], giant cell reparative granuloma, and [[brown tumor]] of hyperparathyroidism.


==See also==
==See also==
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==References==
==References==
 
{{reflist|2}}
* {{cite journal |author=Gamberi G, Serra M, Ragazzini P, Magagnoli G, Pazzaglia L, Ponticelli F, Ferrari C, Zanasi M, Bertoni F, Picci P, Benassi M |title=Identification of markers of possible prognostic value in 57 giant cell tumors of bone |journal=Oncol Rep |volume=10 |issue=2 |pages=351-6 |year= 2003 |pmid=12579271}}
* {{cite journal |author=Mendenhall W, Zlotecki R, Scarborough M, Gibbs C, Mendenhall N |title=Giant cell tumor of bone |journal=Am J Clin Oncol |volume=29 |issue=1 |pages=96-9 |year=2006 |pmid=16462511}}
*{{cite journal |author=Murphey M, Nomikos G, Flemming D, Gannon F, Temple H, Kransdorf M |title=From the archives of AFIP. Imaging of giant cell tumor and giant cell reparative granuloma of bone: radiologic-pathologic correlation |journal=Radiographics : a review publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc |volume=21 |issue=5 |pages=1283-309 |year=2001 |pmid=11553835}}
* Springfield, D and Rosen, G. Bone Tumors, in Holland-Frei Cancer Medicine - 6th Ed., Ch. 124, Kufe, DW et al editors, BC Decker Inc, Hamilton, Ontario. 2003.


==External links==
==External links==
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{{Soft tissue tumors and sarcomas}}
{{Soft tissue tumors and sarcomas}}
{{SIB}}
 
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[[Category:Types of cancer]]
[[Category:Types of cancer]]
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[[Category:Orthopedics]]

Revision as of 17:08, 18 January 2012

Giant cell tumor of bone Microchapters

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Overview

Historical Perspective

Pathophysiology

Causes

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Differentiating Giant cell tumor of bone from other Diseases

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Staging

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

X Ray

CT

MRI

Ultrasound

Other Imaging Findings

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Giant cell tumor of bone
Giant cell tumor: Distal part of the femur
(Image courtesy of RadsWiki)
ICD-10 C40, C41
ICD-O: 9250/1
DiseasesDB 9337
MeSH D018212

Overview

Historical Perspective

Pathophysiology

Epidemiology & Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Causes of Giant cell tumor of bone

Differentiating Giant cell tumor of bone from other Diseases

Natural History, Complications & Prognosis

Diagnosis

History & Symptoms | Physical Examination | Lab Tests | Electrocardiogram | X Ray | CT | MRI | Echocardiography or Ultrasound | Other Imaging Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy | Surgery | Primary Prevention | Secondary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies

See also

References

External links

  • "Symposium on Giant Cell Tumor". Indian Journal of Orthopaedics. 41 (2). 2007.


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