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**Age - Age is the most important risk factor where the most common age for developing gallstones was found to be between ages 40 - 69. Cholelithiasis rarely exists in children unless in a hemolytic state.<ref name="BarbaraSama1987">{{cite journal|last1=Barbara|first1=Luigi|last2=Sama|first2=Claudia|last3=Labate|first3=Antonio Maria Morselli|last4=Taroni|first4=Francesco|last5=Rusticali|first5=Anna Giulia|last6=Festi|first6=Davide|last7=Sapio|first7=Carlo|last8=Roda|first8=Enrico|last9=Banterle|first9=Claudio|last10=Puci|first10=Armando|last11=Formentini|first11=Franco|last12=Colasanti|first12=Silvia|last13=Nardin|first13=Francesco|title=A population study on the prevalence of gallstone disease: The sirmione study|journal=Hepatology|volume=7|issue=5|year=1987|pages=913–917|issn=02709139|doi=10.1002/hep.1840070520}}</ref>
**Age - Age is the most important risk factor where the most common age for developing gallstones was found to be between ages 40 - 69. Cholelithiasis rarely exists in children unless in a hemolytic state.<ref name="BarbaraSama1987">{{cite journal|last1=Barbara|first1=Luigi|last2=Sama|first2=Claudia|last3=Labate|first3=Antonio Maria Morselli|last4=Taroni|first4=Francesco|last5=Rusticali|first5=Anna Giulia|last6=Festi|first6=Davide|last7=Sapio|first7=Carlo|last8=Roda|first8=Enrico|last9=Banterle|first9=Claudio|last10=Puci|first10=Armando|last11=Formentini|first11=Franco|last12=Colasanti|first12=Silvia|last13=Nardin|first13=Francesco|title=A population study on the prevalence of gallstone disease: The sirmione study|journal=Hepatology|volume=7|issue=5|year=1987|pages=913–917|issn=02709139|doi=10.1002/hep.1840070520}}</ref>


**Sex - A higher incidence is noted in women across all age groups.<ref name="pmid2642879">{{cite journal |vauthors=Maurer KR, Everhart JE, Ezzati TM, Johannes RS, Knowler WC, Larson DL, Sanders R, Shawker TH, Roth HP |title=Prevalence of gallstone disease in Hispanic populations in the United States |journal=Gastroenterology |volume=96 |issue=2 Pt 1 |pages=487–92 |year=1989 |pmid=2642879 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid5481754">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sampliner RE, Bennett PH, Comess LJ, Rose FA, Burch TA |title=Gallbladder disease in pima indians. Demonstration of high prevalence and early onset by cholecystography |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=283 |issue=25 |pages=1358–64 |year=1970 |pmid=5481754 |doi=10.1056/NEJM197012172832502 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid7817971">{{cite journal |vauthors=Attili AF, Carulli N, Roda E, Barbara B, Capocaccia L, Menotti A, Okoliksanyi L, Ricci G, Capocaccia R, Festi D |title=Epidemiology of gallstone disease in Italy: prevalence data of the Multicenter Italian Study on Cholelithiasis (M.I.COL.) |journal=Am. J. Epidemiol. |volume=141 |issue=2 |pages=158–65 |year=1995 |pmid=7817971 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
**Sex - A higher incidence is noted in women across all age groups.<ref name="pmid2642879">{{cite journal |vauthors=Maurer KR, Everhart JE, Ezzati TM, Johannes RS, Knowler WC, Larson DL, Sanders R, Shawker TH, Roth HP |title=Prevalence of gallstone disease in Hispanic populations in the United States |journal=Gastroenterology |volume=96 |issue=2 Pt 1 |pages=487–92 |year=1989 |pmid=2642879 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid5481754">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sampliner RE, Bennett PH, Comess LJ, Rose FA, Burch TA |title=Gallbladder disease in pima indians. Demonstration of high prevalence and early onset by cholecystography |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=283 |issue=25 |pages=1358–64 |year=1970 |pmid=5481754 |doi=10.1056/NEJM197012172832502 |url=}}</ref>
**Race- Common amongst Pima Indians, North Americans and Chileans. Japanese have the lowest incidence.<ref name="pmid7817971">{{cite journal |vauthors=Attili AF, Carulli N, Roda E, Barbara B, Capocaccia L, Menotti A, Okoliksanyi L, Ricci G, Capocaccia R, Festi D |title=Epidemiology of gallstone disease in Italy: prevalence data of the Multicenter Italian Study on Cholelithiasis (M.I.COL.) |journal=Am. J. Epidemiol. |volume=141 |issue=2 |pages=158–65 |year=1995 |pmid=7817971 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
**Race- Common amongst Pima Indians, North Americans and Chileans. Japanese have the lowest incidence.<ref name="pmid7817971">{{cite journal |vauthors=Attili AF, Carulli N, Roda E, Barbara B, Capocaccia L, Menotti A, Okoliksanyi L, Ricci G, Capocaccia R, Festi D |title=Epidemiology of gallstone disease in Italy: prevalence data of the Multicenter Italian Study on Cholelithiasis (M.I.COL.) |journal=Am. J. Epidemiol. |volume=141 |issue=2 |pages=158–65 |year=1995 |pmid=7817971 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
**Pregnancy - Cholesterol gallstone incidence in pregnant women is very common, paarticularly in multiparous women. <ref name="pmid8423030">{{cite journal |vauthors=Valdivieso V, Covarrubias C, Siegel F, Cruz F |title=Pregnancy and cholelithiasis: pathogenesis and natural course of gallstones diagnosed in early puerperium |journal=Hepatology |volume=17 |issue=1 |pages=1–4 |year=1993 |pmid=8423030 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
**Pregnancy - Cholesterol gallstone incidence in pregnant women is very common, paarticularly in multiparous women. <ref name="pmid8423030">{{cite journal |vauthors=Valdivieso V, Covarrubias C, Siegel F, Cruz F |title=Pregnancy and cholelithiasis: pathogenesis and natural course of gallstones diagnosed in early puerperium |journal=Hepatology |volume=17 |issue=1 |pages=1–4 |year=1993 |pmid=8423030 |doi= |url=}}</ref>

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Hadeel Maksoud M.D.[2]

Overview

Common risk factors in the development of Gallstone Disease include Age, Sex, Pregnancy, and Oral contraceptives and estrogen replacement therapy.

Risk Factors

  • Common risk factors in the development of Gallstone Disease include Age, Sex, Pregnancy, and Oral contraceptives and estrogen replacement therapy.

Common Risk Factors

  • Common risk factors in the development of Gallstone disease may be occupational, environmental, genetic, and viral.
  • Common risk factors in the development of Gallstone disease include:
    • Age - Age is the most important risk factor where the most common age for developing gallstones was found to be between ages 40 - 69. Cholelithiasis rarely exists in children unless in a hemolytic state.[1]
    • Sex - A higher incidence is noted in women across all age groups.[2][3]
    • Race- Common amongst Pima Indians, North Americans and Chileans. Japanese have the lowest incidence.[4]
    • Pregnancy - Cholesterol gallstone incidence in pregnant women is very common, paarticularly in multiparous women. [5]

References

  1. ↑ Barbara, Luigi; Sama, Claudia; Labate, Antonio Maria Morselli; Taroni, Francesco; Rusticali, Anna Giulia; Festi, Davide; Sapio, Carlo; Roda, Enrico; Banterle, Claudio; Puci, Armando; Formentini, Franco; Colasanti, Silvia; Nardin, Francesco (1987). "A population study on the prevalence of gallstone disease: The sirmione study". Hepatology. 7 (5): 913–917. doi:10.1002/hep.1840070520. ISSN 0270-9139.
  2. ↑ Maurer KR, Everhart JE, Ezzati TM, Johannes RS, Knowler WC, Larson DL, Sanders R, Shawker TH, Roth HP (1989). "Prevalence of gallstone disease in Hispanic populations in the United States". Gastroenterology. 96 (2 Pt 1): 487–92. PMID 2642879.
  3. ↑ Sampliner RE, Bennett PH, Comess LJ, Rose FA, Burch TA (1970). "Gallbladder disease in pima indians. Demonstration of high prevalence and early onset by cholecystography". N. Engl. J. Med. 283 (25): 1358–64. doi:10.1056/NEJM197012172832502. PMID 5481754.
  4. ↑ Attili AF, Carulli N, Roda E, Barbara B, Capocaccia L, Menotti A, Okoliksanyi L, Ricci G, Capocaccia R, Festi D (1995). "Epidemiology of gallstone disease in Italy: prevalence data of the Multicenter Italian Study on Cholelithiasis (M.I.COL.)". Am. J. Epidemiol. 141 (2): 158–65. PMID 7817971.
  5. ↑ Valdivieso V, Covarrubias C, Siegel F, Cruz F (1993). "Pregnancy and cholelithiasis: pathogenesis and natural course of gallstones diagnosed in early puerperium". Hepatology. 17 (1): 1–4. PMID 8423030.

Less Common Risk Factors

  • Less common risk factors in the development of Gallstone disease include:
    • [Risk factor 1]
    • [Risk factor 2]
    • [Risk factor 3]


Risk factors

  • More common in females.
  • Obesity
  • Sudden weight loss
  • Prolonged fasting.
  • Pregnancy
  • Presence of Crohn's disease.
  • Cystic fibrosis
  • Diabetes,
  • Liver cirrhosis
  • Increasing age
  • Extensive bowel resection
  • Use of contraceptives and other medications like largactil, octreotide, and clofibrate

References

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