Erysipelas pathophysiology: Difference between revisions
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**''[[Streptococcus pyogenes]]'' adheres to the [[dermis]] due to the following [[virulence factors]]: | **''[[Streptococcus pyogenes]]'' adheres to the [[dermis]] due to the following [[virulence factors]]: | ||
***Containing [[M protein]], allowing colonization.<ref name="pmid4564883">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ellen RP, Gibbons RJ |title=M protein-associated adherence of Streptococcus pyogenes to epithelial surfaces: prerequisite for virulence |journal=Infect. Immun. |volume=5 |issue=5 |pages=826–30 |year=1972 |pmid=4564883 |pmc=422446 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ***Containing [[M protein]], allowing colonization.<ref name="pmid4564883">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ellen RP, Gibbons RJ |title=M protein-associated adherence of Streptococcus pyogenes to epithelial surfaces: prerequisite for virulence |journal=Infect. Immun. |volume=5 |issue=5 |pages=826–30 |year=1972 |pmid=4564883 |pmc=422446 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
***[[Lipotechoic acid]] (LTA): | ***[[Lipotechoic acid]] (LTA): binds with [[fibronectin]] or [[fibrinogen]], causing adhesion of the bacteria to the [[dermis]].<ref name="pmid8063411">{{cite journal |vauthors=Courtney HS, Li Y, Dale JB, Hasty DL |title=Cloning, sequencing, and expression of a fibronectin/fibrinogen-binding protein from group A streptococci |journal=Infect. Immun. |volume=62 |issue=9 |pages=3937–46 |year=1994 |pmid=8063411 |pmc=303051 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
***[[Protein]] F: binds with [[fibronectin]] to mediate adhesion.<ref name="pmid1385871">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hanski E, Caparon M |title=Protein F, a fibronectin-binding protein, is an adhesin of the group A streptococcus Streptococcus pyogenes |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=89 |issue=13 |pages=6172–6 |year=1992 |pmid=1385871 |pmc=402144 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | |||
***29-kDa [[fibronectin]]-binding [[protein]].<ref name="CourtneyHasty1992">{{cite journal|last1=Courtney|first1=Harry S.|last2=Hasty|first2=David L.|last3=Dale|first3=James B.|last4=Poirier|first4=Thomas P.|title=A 28-kilodalton fibronectin-binding protein of group a streptococci|journal=Current Microbiology|volume=25|issue=5|year=1992|pages=245–250|issn=0343-8651|doi=10.1007/BF01575856}}</ref> | |||
***[[Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase]]<ref name="pmid8760943">{{cite journal |vauthors=Winram SB, Lottenberg R |title=The plasmin-binding protein Plr of group A streptococci is identified as glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase |journal=Microbiology (Reading, Engl.) |volume=142 ( Pt 8) |issue= |pages=2311–20 |year=1996 |pmid=8760943 |doi=10.1099/13500872-142-8-2311 |url=}}</ref> | |||
***70-kDa [[galactose]]-binding [[protein]].<ref name="WalströmTylewska1982">{{cite journal|last1=Walström|first1=Torkel|last2=Tylewska|first2=Stanislawa|title=Glycoconjugates as possible receptors forStreptococcus pyogenes|journal=Current Microbiology|volume=7|issue=6|year=1982|pages=343–346|issn=0343-8651|doi=10.1007/BF01572601}}</ref> | |||
***[[Vitronectin]]-binding S [[protein]]<ref name="pmid2459063">{{cite journal |vauthors=Valentin-Weigand P, Grulich-Henn J, Chhatwal GS, Müller-Berghaus G, Blobel H, Preissner KT |title=Mediation of adherence of streptococci to human endothelial cells by complement S protein (vitronectin) |journal=Infect. Immun. |volume=56 |issue=11 |pages=2851–5 |year=1988 |pmid=2459063 |pmc=259660 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | |||
*** | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 18:59, 8 September 2016
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Luke Rusowicz-Orazem, B.S.
Overview
Historically, the face was most affected; today the legs are affected most often. Erysipelas infections can enter the skin through minor trauma, eczema, surgical incisions and ulcers, and often originate from strep bacteria in the subject's own nasal passages.
Pathogenesis
Erysipelas develops from epidermal penetration of the pathogenic bacteria.
Group A Streptococcal Infection
- Group A streptococcal infection causes Erysipelas upon infiltration of the epidermis through a skin abrasion or lesion.[1]
- The streptococcal infection occurs upon the binding of superficial ligands to the epidermal receptor cells.
- Dermal damages, including abrasions or lesions, allow the pathogen to adhere without being removed by natural exfoliation.
- Streptococcus pyogenes adheres to the dermis due to the following virulence factors:
- Containing M protein, allowing colonization.[2]
- Lipotechoic acid (LTA): binds with fibronectin or fibrinogen, causing adhesion of the bacteria to the dermis.[3]
- Protein F: binds with fibronectin to mediate adhesion.[4]
- 29-kDa fibronectin-binding protein.[5]
- Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase[6]
- 70-kDa galactose-binding protein.[7]
- Vitronectin-binding S protein[8]
References
- ↑ Cunningham, M. W. (2000). "Pathogenesis of Group A Streptococcal Infections". Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 13 (3): 470–511. doi:10.1128/CMR.13.3.470-511.2000. ISSN 0893-8512.
- ↑ Ellen RP, Gibbons RJ (1972). "M protein-associated adherence of Streptococcus pyogenes to epithelial surfaces: prerequisite for virulence". Infect. Immun. 5 (5): 826–30. PMC 422446. PMID 4564883.
- ↑ Courtney HS, Li Y, Dale JB, Hasty DL (1994). "Cloning, sequencing, and expression of a fibronectin/fibrinogen-binding protein from group A streptococci". Infect. Immun. 62 (9): 3937–46. PMC 303051. PMID 8063411.
- ↑ Hanski E, Caparon M (1992). "Protein F, a fibronectin-binding protein, is an adhesin of the group A streptococcus Streptococcus pyogenes". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 89 (13): 6172–6. PMC 402144. PMID 1385871.
- ↑ Courtney, Harry S.; Hasty, David L.; Dale, James B.; Poirier, Thomas P. (1992). "A 28-kilodalton fibronectin-binding protein of group a streptococci". Current Microbiology. 25 (5): 245–250. doi:10.1007/BF01575856. ISSN 0343-8651.
- ↑ Winram SB, Lottenberg R (1996). "The plasmin-binding protein Plr of group A streptococci is identified as glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase". Microbiology (Reading, Engl.). 142 ( Pt 8): 2311–20. doi:10.1099/13500872-142-8-2311. PMID 8760943.
- ↑ Walström, Torkel; Tylewska, Stanislawa (1982). "Glycoconjugates as possible receptors forStreptococcus pyogenes". Current Microbiology. 7 (6): 343–346. doi:10.1007/BF01572601. ISSN 0343-8651.
- ↑ Valentin-Weigand P, Grulich-Henn J, Chhatwal GS, Müller-Berghaus G, Blobel H, Preissner KT (1988). "Mediation of adherence of streptococci to human endothelial cells by complement S protein (vitronectin)". Infect. Immun. 56 (11): 2851–5. PMC 259660. PMID 2459063.