Ebola physical examination
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Guillermo Rodriguez Nava, M.D. [2]; João André Alves Silva, M.D. [3]
Overview
Despite the existence of different species of Ebola virus, according to the data collected throughout the last 40 years, a common clinical syndrome has been described among these different filoviroses, with the difference residing essentially in the severity of the presentation and respective mortality rate. Attending to the mechanism of infection and pathogeny of the virus in human cells, Ebola hemorrhagic fever usually begins with an acute onset of high fever, chills and hemorrhage observed on physical examination. Other pertinent findings may include swollen joints, weakness, rash and red eyes. Also, the high fever present in this condition may lead to the development of relative bradycardia, similarly to typhoid fever. [1][2][3]
Physical Examination
Vitals
Temperature
Pulse
Rate
Rhythm
- The pulse is regular.
Strength
- The pulse may be weak in cases of dehydration and hemorrhages.
Symmetry
- The pulses are symmetric.
Blood Pressure
- Hypotension (less than 90 mm Hg systolic /60 mm Hg diastolic)
- Postural hypotension
Respiratory Rate
- Tachypneic: Many fatal cases presented with tachypnea and no survivors had tachypnea
Skin
- Maculopapular rash on the trunk associated with erythema and desquamation
- Petechiae
- Ecchymoses
- Mucosal hemorrhages
Eyes
Nose
Throat
- Mucosal redness of the oral cavity
- Bleeding gums
Abdomen
Extremities
- Edema may be present
Neurologic
References
- ↑ Feldmann, Heinz; Geisbert, Thomas W (2011). "Ebola haemorrhagic fever". The Lancet. 377 (9768): 849–862. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60667-8. ISSN 0140-6736.
- ↑ Formenty, Pierre; Hatz, Christophe; Le Guenno, Bernard; Stoll, Agnés; Rogenmoser, Philipp; Widmer, Andreas (1999). "Human Infection Due to Ebola Virus, Subtype Côte d'Ivoire: Clinical and Biologic Presentation". The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 179 (s1): S48–S53. doi:10.1086/514285. ISSN 0022-1899.
- ↑ Gradon J (2000). "An outbreak of Ebola virus: lessons for everyday activities in the intensive care unit". Crit Care Med. 28 (1): 284–5. PMID 10667555.
- ↑ Ndambi R, Akamituna P, Bonnet MJ, Tukadila AM, Muyembe-Tamfum JJ, Colebunders R (1999). "Epidemiologic and clinical aspects of the Ebola virus epidemic in Mosango, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 1995". J Infect Dis. 179 Suppl 1: S8–10. doi:10.1086/514297. PMID 9988156.
- ↑ Bwaka MA, Bonnet MJ, Calain P, Colebunders R, De Roo A, Guimard Y; et al. (1999). "Ebola hemorrhagic fever in Kikwit, Democratic Republic of the Congo: clinical observations in 103 patients". J Infect Dis. 179 Suppl 1: S1–7. doi:10.1086/514308. PMID 9988155.
- ↑ Feldmann H, Geisbert TW (2011). "Ebola haemorrhagic fever". Lancet. 377 (9768): 849–62. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60667-8. PMC 3406178. PMID 21084112.