Deep vein thrombosis epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
[[Deep Vein Thrombosis]] is highly prevalent in the general population of USA and accounts for approximately | [[Deep Vein Thrombosis]] is highly prevalent in the general population of USA and accounts for approximately 100,000 deaths in a year. The incidence of [[DVT]] is estimated to be 100 cases/100,000 persons/year in US. | ||
Approximately, 350,000 to 600,000 new cases of [[venous thromboembolism]] are diagnosed every year in US, out of which two-thirds are due to [[DVT]]. Mortality and complications after being diagnosed with [[DVT]] are high including 1/3 of the patients developing post-thrombotic syndrome, and 30% having recurrent [[DVT]] in 10 years. | |||
==Prevalence by Age== | ==Prevalence by Age== | ||
DVT | The incidence and prevalence of DVT increases with age, ranging from 1/100,000 in childhood to 500/100,000 in the elderly<ref name="pmid12814979">{{cite journal |author=White RH |title=The epidemiology of venous thromboembolism |journal=Circulation |volume=107 |issue=23 Suppl 1 |pages=I4–8 |year=2003 |month=June |pmid=12814979 |doi=10.1161/01.CIR.0000078468.11849.66 |url=}}</ref>. Age greater than 45 is significantly associated with increased incidence of DVT.<ref name="pmid15210384">{{cite journal| author=Cushman M, Tsai AW, White RH, Heckbert SR, Rosamond WD, Enright P et al.| title=Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism in two cohorts: the longitudinal investigation of thromboembolism etiology. | journal=Am J Med | year= 2004 | volume= 117 | issue= 1 | pages= 19-25 | pmid=15210384 | doi=10.1016/j.amjmed.2004.01.018 | pmc=| url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15210384 }} </ref> The reasons for low prevalence in children are: | ||
* A higher heart rate. | |||
* Relatively active lifestyle when compared with adults | |||
* Fewer comorbidities (e.g. malignancy). | |||
Age greater than 45 is significantly associated with increased incidence of DVT.<ref name="pmid15210384">{{cite journal| author=Cushman M, Tsai AW, White RH, Heckbert SR, Rosamond WD, Enright P et al.| title=Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism in two cohorts: the longitudinal investigation of thromboembolism etiology. | journal=Am J Med | year= 2004 | volume= 117 | issue= 1 | pages= 19-25 | pmid=15210384 | doi=10.1016/j.amjmed.2004.01.018 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15210384 }} </ref> | |||
==Prevalence by Gender== | ==Prevalence by Gender== | ||
Males gender is associated with a higher risk than female gender, and the risk increases with age in both genders. | Overall, there is minimal difference in the incidence of [[DVT]] among males and females. A higher incidence of [[DVT]] has been observed in young<ref name="pmid9521222">{{cite journal |author=Silverstein MD, Heit JA, Mohr DN, Petterson TM, O'Fallon WM, Melton LJ |title=Trends in the incidence of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism: a 25-year population-based study |journal=Arch. Intern. Med. |volume=158 |issue=6 |pages=585–93 |year=1998 |month=March |pmid=9521222 |doi= |url=}}</ref> and older females<ref name="pmid8154949">{{cite journal |author=Kniffin WD, Baron JA, Barrett J, Birkmeyer JD, Anderson FA |title=The epidemiology of diagnosed pulmonary embolism and deep venous thrombosis in the elderly |journal=Arch. Intern. Med. |volume=154 |issue=8 |pages=861–6 |year=1994 |month=April |pmid=8154949 |doi= |url=}}</ref> in few epidemiological studies. Others have shown higher incidence in men. | ||
Males gender is associated with a higher risk than female gender, and the risk increases with age in both genders. On the other hand, Cushman et al reported that the incidence of [[DVT]] was slightly higher in men.<ref name="pmid15210384">{{cite journal |author=Cushman M, Tsai AW, White RH, ''et al.'' |title=Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism in two cohorts: the longitudinal investigation of thromboembolism etiology |journal=Am. J. Med. |volume=117 |issue=1 |pages=19–25 |year=2004 |month=July |pmid=15210384 |doi=10.1016/j.amjmed.2004.01.018 |url=}}</ref> | |||
==Prevalence by Race== | ==Prevalence by Race== | ||
Revision as of 13:39, 14 May 2012
Editors-in-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. Associate Editor-In-Chief: Ujjwal Rastogi, MBBS [1]
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Overview
Deep Vein Thrombosis is highly prevalent in the general population of USA and accounts for approximately 100,000 deaths in a year. The incidence of DVT is estimated to be 100 cases/100,000 persons/year in US.
Approximately, 350,000 to 600,000 new cases of venous thromboembolism are diagnosed every year in US, out of which two-thirds are due to DVT. Mortality and complications after being diagnosed with DVT are high including 1/3 of the patients developing post-thrombotic syndrome, and 30% having recurrent DVT in 10 years.
Prevalence by Age
The incidence and prevalence of DVT increases with age, ranging from 1/100,000 in childhood to 500/100,000 in the elderly[1]. Age greater than 45 is significantly associated with increased incidence of DVT.[2] The reasons for low prevalence in children are:
- A higher heart rate.
- Relatively active lifestyle when compared with adults
- Fewer comorbidities (e.g. malignancy).
Prevalence by Gender
Overall, there is minimal difference in the incidence of DVT among males and females. A higher incidence of DVT has been observed in young[3] and older females[4] in few epidemiological studies. Others have shown higher incidence in men. Males gender is associated with a higher risk than female gender, and the risk increases with age in both genders. On the other hand, Cushman et al reported that the incidence of DVT was slightly higher in men.[2]
Prevalence by Race
Caucasians and African Americans have a significantly higher incidence than Hispanics and Asians or Pacific Islanders.[1] Observed ethnic differences in thrombosis incidence might be related to a lower prevalence of disorders like factor V Leiden or the prothrombin 20210A mutation in non-Caucasians.[5][6]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 White RH (2003). "The epidemiology of venous thromboembolism". Circulation. 107 (23 Suppl 1): I4–8. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.0000078468.11849.66. PMID 12814979. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ 2.0 2.1 Cushman M, Tsai AW, White RH, Heckbert SR, Rosamond WD, Enright P; et al. (2004). "Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism in two cohorts: the longitudinal investigation of thromboembolism etiology". Am J Med. 117 (1): 19–25. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2004.01.018. PMID 15210384.
- ↑ Silverstein MD, Heit JA, Mohr DN, Petterson TM, O'Fallon WM, Melton LJ (1998). "Trends in the incidence of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism: a 25-year population-based study". Arch. Intern. Med. 158 (6): 585–93. PMID 9521222. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Kniffin WD, Baron JA, Barrett J, Birkmeyer JD, Anderson FA (1994). "The epidemiology of diagnosed pulmonary embolism and deep venous thrombosis in the elderly". Arch. Intern. Med. 154 (8): 861–6. PMID 8154949. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Ridker PM, Miletich JP, Hennekens CH, Buring JE (1997). "Ethnic distribution of factor V Leiden in 4047 men and women. Implications for venous thromboembolism screening". JAMA. 277 (16): 1305–7. PMID 9109469.
- ↑ Gregg JP, Yamane AJ, Grody WW (1997). "Prevalence of the factor V-Leiden mutation in four distinct American ethnic populations". Am J Med Genet. 73 (3): 334–6. PMID 9415695.