Croup historical perspective: Difference between revisions
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{{Croup}} | {{Croup}} | ||
{{CMG}} {{AE}} {{LRO}} | {{CMG}} {{AE}} {{LRO}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
[[diptheria|Diptheritic]] croup reports date back to the Homer-era of Ancient Greece, speculating to have emerged in the 12th century B.C.E. The [[Virus|Viral]]-based croup was discovered in 1826 by French medical doctor Pierre Bretonneau. Initial therapies included cold water mist to soothe pain as well as [[tracheotomy]] for patients with severe cases requiring hospitalization. In the 1970s, nebulized [[Epinephrine]] emerged as a therapy. [[Glucocorticoid]] therapies emerged in the late 1980s' and 1990's. Preventative therapy emerged with successful [[Immunization|immunization]] of individuals against [[diptheria|diptheritic]] croup with the development of [[influenza]] and [[diptheria]] [[vaccine|vaccines]]. | |||
==Discovery== | ==Discovery== | ||
*The first reported cases of [[diptheria|diptheritic]] | *The first reported cases of [[diptheria|diptheritic]] croup date back to Ancient Greece, speculated to the 12th century B.C.E.<ref name=history>{{cite book |author=Feigin, Ralph D. |title=Textbook of pediatric infectious diseases |publisher=Saunders |location=Philadelphia |year=2004 |page=252 |isbn=0-7216-9329-6 |oclc= |doi= |accessdate=}}</ref> | ||
*[[virus|Viral]] | *[[virus|Viral]] croup was discovered and differentiated from [[diptheria|diptheritic]] croup in 1826 by French medical doctor Pierre Bretonneau<ref name=history>{{cite book |author=Feigin, Ralph D. |title=Textbook of pediatric infectious diseases |publisher=Saunders |location=Philadelphia |year=2004 |page=252 |isbn=0-7216-9329-6 |oclc= |doi= |accessdate=}}</ref> | ||
==Landmark Events in the Development of Treatment Strategies== | ==Landmark Events in the Development of Treatment Strategies== | ||
*Initial therapies | *Initial therapies included: | ||
**Cold water mist to alleviate symptoms.< | **Cold water mist to alleviate symptoms.<ref name=HistReview>{{cite journal |vauthors=Marchessault V |title=Historical review of croup |journal=Paediatr Child Health |volume=6 |issue=10 |pages=721–3 |year=2001 |pmid=20084146 |pmc=2805983 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
** | **Tracheotomys performed if the patient was hospitalized.<ref name=HistReview>{{cite journal |vauthors=Marchessault V |title=Historical review of croup |journal=Paediatr Child Health |volume=6 |issue=10 |pages=721–3 |year=2001 |pmid=20084146 |pmc=2805983 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
*Nebulized [[Epinephrine]] was introduced as a | *Nebulized [[Epinephrine]] was introduced as a croup therapy in the 1970s', attempting to prevent hospitalization.<ref name=HistReview>{{cite journal |vauthors=Marchessault V |title=Historical review of croup |journal=Paediatr Child Health |volume=6 |issue=10 |pages=721–3 |year=2001 |pmid=20084146 |pmc=2805983 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
*[[Glucocorticoid|Glucocorticoids]] emerged as an effective therapy in the late 1980s' and early 1990s'.< | *[[Glucocorticoid|Glucocorticoids]] emerged as an effective therapy in the late 1980s' and early 1990s'.<ref name=GlucoHist>{{cite journal |vauthors=Kairys SW, Olmstead EM, O'Connor GT |title=Steroid treatment of laryngotracheitis: a meta-analysis of the evidence from randomized trials |journal=Pediatrics |volume=83 |issue=5 |pages=683–93 |year=1989 |pmid=2654865 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
**[[Budesonide]], a nebulized glucocorticoid, emerged after a 1994 study by Dr. Terry Klassen et al.< | **[[Budesonide]], a nebulized [[glucocorticoid]], emerged after a 1994 study by Dr. Terry Klassen et al.<ref name=BudeHist>{{cite journal |vauthors=Klassen TP, Feldman ME, Watters LK, Sutcliffe T, Rowe PC |title=Nebulized budesonide for children with mild-to-moderate croup |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=331 |issue=5 |pages=285–9 |year=1994 |pmid=8022437 |doi=10.1056/NEJM199408043310501 |url=}}</ref> | ||
*Creation of [[vaccines]] for [[diptheria]] and [[influenza]] led to the emergence of [[diptheritic]] croup [[immunization]].<ref name="Cherry2008">{{cite journal|last1=Cherry|first1=James D.|title=Croup|journal=New England Journal of Medicine|volume=358|issue=4|year=2008|pages=384–391|issn=0028-4793|doi=10.1056/NEJMcp072022}}</ref> | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
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[[Category:Needs content]] | [[Category:Needs content]] | ||
[[Category:Pediatrics]] | [[Category:Pediatrics]] | ||
[[Category:Pulmonology]] | [[Category:Pulmonology]] | ||
[[Category:Emergency medicine]] | [[Category:Emergency medicine]] | ||
[[Category:Disease]] | [[Category:Disease]] | ||
Latest revision as of 17:30, 18 September 2017
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Luke Rusowicz-Orazem, B.S.
Overview
Diptheritic croup reports date back to the Homer-era of Ancient Greece, speculating to have emerged in the 12th century B.C.E. The Viral-based croup was discovered in 1826 by French medical doctor Pierre Bretonneau. Initial therapies included cold water mist to soothe pain as well as tracheotomy for patients with severe cases requiring hospitalization. In the 1970s, nebulized Epinephrine emerged as a therapy. Glucocorticoid therapies emerged in the late 1980s' and 1990's. Preventative therapy emerged with successful immunization of individuals against diptheritic croup with the development of influenza and diptheria vaccines.
Discovery
- The first reported cases of diptheritic croup date back to Ancient Greece, speculated to the 12th century B.C.E.[1]
- Viral croup was discovered and differentiated from diptheritic croup in 1826 by French medical doctor Pierre Bretonneau[1]
Landmark Events in the Development of Treatment Strategies
- Initial therapies included:
- Nebulized Epinephrine was introduced as a croup therapy in the 1970s', attempting to prevent hospitalization.[2]
- Glucocorticoids emerged as an effective therapy in the late 1980s' and early 1990s'.[3]
- Budesonide, a nebulized glucocorticoid, emerged after a 1994 study by Dr. Terry Klassen et al.[4]
- Creation of vaccines for diptheria and influenza led to the emergence of diptheritic croup immunization.[5]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Feigin, Ralph D. (2004). Textbook of pediatric infectious diseases. Philadelphia: Saunders. p. 252. ISBN 0-7216-9329-6.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Marchessault V (2001). "Historical review of croup". Paediatr Child Health. 6 (10): 721–3. PMC 2805983. PMID 20084146.
- ↑ Kairys SW, Olmstead EM, O'Connor GT (1989). "Steroid treatment of laryngotracheitis: a meta-analysis of the evidence from randomized trials". Pediatrics. 83 (5): 683–93. PMID 2654865.
- ↑ Klassen TP, Feldman ME, Watters LK, Sutcliffe T, Rowe PC (1994). "Nebulized budesonide for children with mild-to-moderate croup". N. Engl. J. Med. 331 (5): 285–9. doi:10.1056/NEJM199408043310501. PMID 8022437.
- ↑ Cherry, James D. (2008). "Croup". New England Journal of Medicine. 358 (4): 384–391. doi:10.1056/NEJMcp072022. ISSN 0028-4793.