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===[[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Classification of Recommendations|Class I]]===
===[[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Classification of Recommendations|Class I]]===


'''1.''' Continuous monitoring of the electrocardiogram for [[arrhythmias]] should be performed for at least 48 hours in all patients after CABG.<ref name="pmid1682069">{{cite journal |author=Andrews TC, Reimold SC, Berlin JA, Antman EM |title=Prevention of supraventricular arrhythmias after coronary artery bypass surgery. A meta-analysis of randomized control trials |journal=[[Circulation]] |volume=84 |issue=5 Suppl |pages=III236–44 |year=1991 |month=November |pmid=1682069 |doi= |url= |accessdate=2011-12-15}}</ref><ref name="pmid15505110">{{cite journal |author=Drew BJ, Califf RM, Funk M, Kaufman ES, Krucoff MW, Laks MM, Macfarlane PW, Sommargren C, Swiryn S, Van Hare GF |title=Practice standards for electrocardiographic monitoring in hospital settings: an American Heart Association scientific statement from the Councils on Cardiovascular Nursing, Clinical Cardiology, and Cardiovascular Disease in the Young: endorsed by the International Society of Computerized Electrocardiology and the American Association of Critical-Care Nurses |journal=[[Circulation]] |volume=110 |issue=17 |pages=2721–46 |year=2004 |month=October |pmid=15505110 |doi=10.1161/01.CIR.0000145144.56673.59 |url=http://circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=15505110 |accessdate=2011-12-15}}</ref><ref name="pmid18294562">{{cite journal |author=Echahidi N, Pibarot P, O'Hara G, Mathieu P |title=Mechanisms, prevention, and treatment of atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery |journal=[[Journal of the American College of Cardiology]] |volume=51 |issue=8 |pages=793–801 |year=2008 |month=February |pmid=18294562 |doi=10.1016/j.jacc.2007.10.043 |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0735-1097(07)03781-3 |accessdate=2011-12-15}}</ref> (Level of Evidence: B)
'''1.''' Continuous monitoring of the electrocardiogram for [[arrhythmias]] should be performed for at least 48 hours in all patients after CABG.<ref name="pmid1682069">{{cite journal |author=Andrews TC, Reimold SC, Berlin JA, Antman EM |title=Prevention of supraventricular arrhythmias after coronary artery bypass surgery. A meta-analysis of randomized control trials |journal=[[Circulation]] |volume=84 |issue=5 Suppl |pages=III236–44 |year=1991 |month=November |pmid=1682069 |doi= |url= |accessdate=2011-12-15}}</ref><ref name="pmid15505110">{{cite journal |author=Drew BJ, Califf RM, Funk M, Kaufman ES, Krucoff MW, Laks MM, Macfarlane PW, Sommargren C, Swiryn S, Van Hare GF |title=Practice standards for electrocardiographic monitoring in hospital settings: an American Heart Association scientific statement from the Councils on Cardiovascular Nursing, Clinical Cardiology, and Cardiovascular Disease in the Young: endorsed by the International Society of Computerized Electrocardiology and the American Association of Critical-Care Nurses |journal=[[Circulation]] |volume=110 |issue=17 |pages=2721–46 |year=2004 |month=October |pmid=15505110 |doi=10.1161/01.CIR.0000145144.56673.59 |url=http://circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=15505110 |accessdate=2011-12-15}}</ref><ref name="pmid18294562">{{cite journal |author=Echahidi N, Pibarot P, O'Hara G, Mathieu P |title=Mechanisms, prevention, and treatment of atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery |journal=[[Journal of the American College of Cardiology]] |volume=51 |issue=8 |pages=793–801 |year=2008 |month=February |pmid=18294562 |doi=10.1016/j.jacc.2007.10.043 |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0735-1097(07)03781-3 |accessdate=2011-12-15}}</ref> ''([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: B]])''


===[[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Classification of Recommendations|Class IIa]]===
===[[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Classification of Recommendations|Class IIa]]===


'''1.''' Continuous ST-segment monitoring for detection of ischemia is reasonable in the intraoperative period for patients undergoing CABG.<ref name="pmid3970360">{{cite journal |author=Slogoff S, Keats AS |title=Does perioperative myocardial ischemia lead to postoperative myocardial infarction? |journal=[[Anesthesiology]] |volume=62 |issue=2 |pages=107–14 |year=1985 |month=February |pmid=3970360 |doi= |url=http://meta.wkhealth.com/pt/pt-core/template-journal/lwwgateway/media/landingpage.htm?issn=0003-3022&volume=62&issue=2&spage=107 |accessdate=2011-12-15}}</ref><ref name="pmid2021200">{{cite journal |author=Gordon MA, Urban MK, O'Connor T, Barash PG |title=Is the pressure rate quotient a predictor or indicator of myocardial ischemia as measured by ST-segment changes in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery? |journal=[[Anesthesiology]] |volume=74 |issue=5 |pages=848–53 |year=1991 |month=May |pmid=2021200 |doi= |url=http://meta.wkhealth.com/pt/pt-core/template-journal/lwwgateway/media/landingpage.htm?issn=0003-3022&volume=74&issue=5&spage=848 |accessdate=2011-12-15}}</ref><ref name="pmid3259409">{{cite journal |author=Knight AA, Hollenberg M, London MJ, Tubau J, Verrier E, Browner W, Mangano DT |title=Perioperative myocardial ischemia: importance of the preoperative ischemic pattern |journal=[[Anesthesiology]] |volume=68 |issue=5 |pages=681–8 |year=1988 |month=May |pmid=3259409 |doi= |url=http://meta.wkhealth.com/pt/pt-core/template-journal/lwwgateway/media/landingpage.htm?issn=0003-3022&volume=68&issue=5&spage=681 |accessdate=2011-12-15}}</ref><ref name="pmid9066323">{{cite journal |author=Jain U, Laflamme CJ, Aggarwal A, Ramsay JG, Comunale ME, Ghoshal S, Ngo L, Ziola K, Hollenberg M, Mangano DT |title=Electrocardiographic and hemodynamic changes and their association with myocardial infarction during coronary artery bypass surgery. A multicenter study. Multicenter Study of Perioperative Ischemia (McSPI) Research Group |journal=[[Anesthesiology]] |volume=86 |issue=3 |pages=576–91 |year=1997 |month=March |pmid=9066323 |doi= |url=http://meta.wkhealth.com/pt/pt-core/template-journal/lwwgateway/media/landingpage.htm?issn=0003-3022&volume=86&issue=3&spage=576 |accessdate=2011-12-15}}</ref> (Level of Evidence: B)
'''1.''' Continuous [[ST-segment]] monitoring for detection of ischemia is reasonable in the intraoperative period for patients undergoing CABG.<ref name="pmid3970360">{{cite journal |author=Slogoff S, Keats AS |title=Does perioperative myocardial ischemia lead to postoperative myocardial infarction? |journal=[[Anesthesiology]] |volume=62 |issue=2 |pages=107–14 |year=1985 |month=February |pmid=3970360 |doi= |url=http://meta.wkhealth.com/pt/pt-core/template-journal/lwwgateway/media/landingpage.htm?issn=0003-3022&volume=62&issue=2&spage=107 |accessdate=2011-12-15}}</ref><ref name="pmid2021200">{{cite journal |author=Gordon MA, Urban MK, O'Connor T, Barash PG |title=Is the pressure rate quotient a predictor or indicator of myocardial ischemia as measured by ST-segment changes in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery? |journal=[[Anesthesiology]] |volume=74 |issue=5 |pages=848–53 |year=1991 |month=May |pmid=2021200 |doi= |url=http://meta.wkhealth.com/pt/pt-core/template-journal/lwwgateway/media/landingpage.htm?issn=0003-3022&volume=74&issue=5&spage=848 |accessdate=2011-12-15}}</ref><ref name="pmid3259409">{{cite journal |author=Knight AA, Hollenberg M, London MJ, Tubau J, Verrier E, Browner W, Mangano DT |title=Perioperative myocardial ischemia: importance of the preoperative ischemic pattern |journal=[[Anesthesiology]] |volume=68 |issue=5 |pages=681–8 |year=1988 |month=May |pmid=3259409 |doi= |url=http://meta.wkhealth.com/pt/pt-core/template-journal/lwwgateway/media/landingpage.htm?issn=0003-3022&volume=68&issue=5&spage=681 |accessdate=2011-12-15}}</ref><ref name="pmid9066323">{{cite journal |author=Jain U, Laflamme CJ, Aggarwal A, Ramsay JG, Comunale ME, Ghoshal S, Ngo L, Ziola K, Hollenberg M, Mangano DT |title=Electrocardiographic and hemodynamic changes and their association with myocardial infarction during coronary artery bypass surgery. A multicenter study. Multicenter Study of Perioperative Ischemia (McSPI) Research Group |journal=[[Anesthesiology]] |volume=86 |issue=3 |pages=576–91 |year=1997 |month=March |pmid=9066323 |doi= |url=http://meta.wkhealth.com/pt/pt-core/template-journal/lwwgateway/media/landingpage.htm?issn=0003-3022&volume=86&issue=3&spage=576 |accessdate=2011-12-15}}</ref> ''([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: B]])''


===[[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Classification of Recommendations|Class IIb]]===
===[[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Classification of Recommendations|Class IIb]]===


'''1.''' Continuous ST-segment monitoring for detection of ischemia may be considered in the early postoperative period after CABG.<ref name="pmid7475198">{{cite journal |author=Podesser BK, Schwarzacher S, Zwoelfer W, Binder TM, Wolner E, Seitelberger R |title=Comparison of perioperative myocardial protection with nifedipine versus nifedipine and metoprolol in patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass grafting |journal=[[The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery]] |volume=110 |issue=5 |pages=1461–9 |year=1995 |month=November |pmid=7475198 |doi= |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0022-5223(95)70069-2 |accessdate=2011-12-15}}</ref><ref name="pmid15505110">{{cite journal |author=Drew BJ, Califf RM, Funk M, Kaufman ES, Krucoff MW, Laks MM, Macfarlane PW, Sommargren C, Swiryn S, Van Hare GF |title=Practice standards for electrocardiographic monitoring in hospital settings: an American Heart Association scientific statement from the Councils on Cardiovascular Nursing, Clinical Cardiology, and Cardiovascular Disease in the Young: endorsed by the International Society of Computerized Electrocardiology and the American Association of Critical-Care Nurses |journal=[[Circulation]] |volume=110 |issue=17 |pages=2721–46 |year=2004 |month=October |pmid=15505110 |doi=10.1161/01.CIR.0000145144.56673.59 |url=http://circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=15505110 |accessdate=2011-12-15}}</ref><ref name="pmid1531742">{{cite journal |author=Mangano DT, Siliciano D, Hollenberg M, Leung JM, Browner WS, Goehner P, Merrick S, Verrier E |title=Postoperative myocardial ischemia. Therapeutic trials using intensive analgesia following surgery. The Study of Perioperative Ischemia (SPI) Research Group |journal=[[Anesthesiology]] |volume=76 |issue=3 |pages=342–53 |year=1992 |month=March |pmid=1531742 |doi= |url=http://meta.wkhealth.com/pt/pt-core/template-journal/lwwgateway/media/landingpage.htm?issn=0003-3022&volume=76&issue=3&spage=342 |accessdate=2011-12-15}}</ref>Ĕ613,690,695–698 (Level of Evidence: B)
'''1.''' Continuous [[ST-segment]] monitoring for detection of ischemia may be considered in the early postoperative period after CABG.<ref name="pmid7475198">{{cite journal |author=Podesser BK, Schwarzacher S, Zwoelfer W, Binder TM, Wolner E, Seitelberger R |title=Comparison of perioperative myocardial protection with nifedipine versus nifedipine and metoprolol in patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass grafting |journal=[[The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery]] |volume=110 |issue=5 |pages=1461–9 |year=1995 |month=November |pmid=7475198 |doi= |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0022-5223(95)70069-2 |accessdate=2011-12-15}}</ref><ref name="pmid15505110">{{cite journal |author=Drew BJ, Califf RM, Funk M, Kaufman ES, Krucoff MW, Laks MM, Macfarlane PW, Sommargren C, Swiryn S, Van Hare GF |title=Practice standards for electrocardiographic monitoring in hospital settings: an American Heart Association scientific statement from the Councils on Cardiovascular Nursing, Clinical Cardiology, and Cardiovascular Disease in the Young: endorsed by the International Society of Computerized Electrocardiology and the American Association of Critical-Care Nurses |journal=[[Circulation]] |volume=110 |issue=17 |pages=2721–46 |year=2004 |month=October |pmid=15505110 |doi=10.1161/01.CIR.0000145144.56673.59 |url=http://circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=15505110 |accessdate=2011-12-15}}</ref><ref name="pmid1531742">{{cite journal |author=Mangano DT, Siliciano D, Hollenberg M, Leung JM, Browner WS, Goehner P, Merrick S, Verrier E |title=Postoperative myocardial ischemia. Therapeutic trials using intensive analgesia following surgery. The Study of Perioperative Ischemia (SPI) Research Group |journal=[[Anesthesiology]] |volume=76 |issue=3 |pages=342–53 |year=1992 |month=March |pmid=1531742 |doi= |url=http://meta.wkhealth.com/pt/pt-core/template-journal/lwwgateway/media/landingpage.htm?issn=0003-3022&volume=76&issue=3&spage=342 |accessdate=2011-12-15}}</ref><ref name="pmid11052441">{{cite journal |author=Zvara DA, Groban L, Rogers AT, Prielipp RC, Murphy B, Hines M, Hammon JW, Kon ND, Royster RL |title=Prophylactic nitroglycerin did not reduce myocardial ischemia during accelerated recovery management of coronary artery bypass graft surgery patients |journal=[[Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia]] |volume=14 |issue=5 |pages=571–5 |year=2000 |month=October |pmid=11052441 |doi=10.1053/jcan.2000.9445 |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1053-0770(00)85751-1 |accessdate=2011-12-16}}</ref><ref name="pmid9505772">{{cite journal |author=Berry PD, Thomas SD, Mahon SP, Jackson M, Fox MA, Fabri B, Weir WI, Russell GN |title=Myocardial ischaemia after coronary artery bypass grafting: early vs late extubation |journal=[[British Journal of Anaesthesia]] |volume=80 |issue=1 |pages=20–5 |year=1998 |month=January |pmid=9505772 |doi= |url=http://bja.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=9505772 |accessdate=2011-12-16}}</ref><ref name="pmid8800165">{{cite journal |author=Cheng DC, Karski J, Peniston C, Asokumar B, Raveendran G, Carroll J, Nierenberg H, Roger S, Mickle D, Tong J, Zelovitsky J, David T, Sandler A |title=Morbidity outcome in early versus conventional tracheal extubation after coronary artery bypass grafting: a prospective randomized controlled trial |journal=[[The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery]] |volume=112 |issue=3 |pages=755–64 |year=1996 |month=September |pmid=8800165 |doi= |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0022-5223(96)70062-4 |accessdate=2011-12-16}}</ref> ''([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: B]])''}}


==Guidelines Resources==
==Guidelines Resources==

Revision as of 14:55, 16 December 2011

Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery Microchapters

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Varun Kumar, M.B.B.S. [2]

ACCF/AHA Guidelines for Perioperative Electrocardiographic Monitoring[1]

“

Class I

1. Continuous monitoring of the electrocardiogram for arrhythmias should be performed for at least 48 hours in all patients after CABG.[2][3][4] (Level of Evidence: B)

Class IIa

1. Continuous ST-segment monitoring for detection of ischemia is reasonable in the intraoperative period for patients undergoing CABG.[5][6][7][8] (Level of Evidence: B)

Class IIb

1. Continuous ST-segment monitoring for detection of ischemia may be considered in the early postoperative period after CABG.[9][3][10][11][12][13] (Level of Evidence: B)

”

Guidelines Resources

  • 2011 ACCF/AHA Guideline for Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery : A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines[1]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Hillis LD, Smith PK, Anderson JL, Bittl JA, Bridges CR, Byrne JG; et al. (2011). "2011 ACCF/AHA Guideline for Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines". Circulation. doi:10.1161/CIR.0b013e31823c074e. PMID 22064599.
  2. ↑ Andrews TC, Reimold SC, Berlin JA, Antman EM (1991). "Prevention of supraventricular arrhythmias after coronary artery bypass surgery. A meta-analysis of randomized control trials". Circulation. 84 (5 Suppl): III236–44. PMID 1682069. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help); |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Drew BJ, Califf RM, Funk M, Kaufman ES, Krucoff MW, Laks MM, Macfarlane PW, Sommargren C, Swiryn S, Van Hare GF (2004). "Practice standards for electrocardiographic monitoring in hospital settings: an American Heart Association scientific statement from the Councils on Cardiovascular Nursing, Clinical Cardiology, and Cardiovascular Disease in the Young: endorsed by the International Society of Computerized Electrocardiology and the American Association of Critical-Care Nurses". Circulation. 110 (17): 2721–46. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.0000145144.56673.59. PMID 15505110. Retrieved 2011-12-15. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  4. ↑ Echahidi N, Pibarot P, O'Hara G, Mathieu P (2008). "Mechanisms, prevention, and treatment of atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 51 (8): 793–801. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2007.10.043. PMID 18294562. Retrieved 2011-12-15. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  5. ↑ Slogoff S, Keats AS (1985). "Does perioperative myocardial ischemia lead to postoperative myocardial infarction?". Anesthesiology. 62 (2): 107–14. PMID 3970360. Retrieved 2011-12-15. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  6. ↑ Gordon MA, Urban MK, O'Connor T, Barash PG (1991). "Is the pressure rate quotient a predictor or indicator of myocardial ischemia as measured by ST-segment changes in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery?". Anesthesiology. 74 (5): 848–53. PMID 2021200. Retrieved 2011-12-15. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  7. ↑ Knight AA, Hollenberg M, London MJ, Tubau J, Verrier E, Browner W, Mangano DT (1988). "Perioperative myocardial ischemia: importance of the preoperative ischemic pattern". Anesthesiology. 68 (5): 681–8. PMID 3259409. Retrieved 2011-12-15. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  8. ↑ Jain U, Laflamme CJ, Aggarwal A, Ramsay JG, Comunale ME, Ghoshal S, Ngo L, Ziola K, Hollenberg M, Mangano DT (1997). "Electrocardiographic and hemodynamic changes and their association with myocardial infarction during coronary artery bypass surgery. A multicenter study. Multicenter Study of Perioperative Ischemia (McSPI) Research Group". Anesthesiology. 86 (3): 576–91. PMID 9066323. Retrieved 2011-12-15. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  9. ↑ Podesser BK, Schwarzacher S, Zwoelfer W, Binder TM, Wolner E, Seitelberger R (1995). "Comparison of perioperative myocardial protection with nifedipine versus nifedipine and metoprolol in patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass grafting". The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 110 (5): 1461–9. PMID 7475198. Retrieved 2011-12-15. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  10. ↑ Mangano DT, Siliciano D, Hollenberg M, Leung JM, Browner WS, Goehner P, Merrick S, Verrier E (1992). "Postoperative myocardial ischemia. Therapeutic trials using intensive analgesia following surgery. The Study of Perioperative Ischemia (SPI) Research Group". Anesthesiology. 76 (3): 342–53. PMID 1531742. Retrieved 2011-12-15. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  11. ↑ Zvara DA, Groban L, Rogers AT, Prielipp RC, Murphy B, Hines M, Hammon JW, Kon ND, Royster RL (2000). "Prophylactic nitroglycerin did not reduce myocardial ischemia during accelerated recovery management of coronary artery bypass graft surgery patients". Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia. 14 (5): 571–5. doi:10.1053/jcan.2000.9445. PMID 11052441. Retrieved 2011-12-16. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  12. ↑ Berry PD, Thomas SD, Mahon SP, Jackson M, Fox MA, Fabri B, Weir WI, Russell GN (1998). "Myocardial ischaemia after coronary artery bypass grafting: early vs late extubation". British Journal of Anaesthesia. 80 (1): 20–5. PMID 9505772. Retrieved 2011-12-16. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  13. ↑ Cheng DC, Karski J, Peniston C, Asokumar B, Raveendran G, Carroll J, Nierenberg H, Roger S, Mickle D, Tong J, Zelovitsky J, David T, Sandler A (1996). "Morbidity outcome in early versus conventional tracheal extubation after coronary artery bypass grafting: a prospective randomized controlled trial". The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 112 (3): 755–64. PMID 8800165. Retrieved 2011-12-16. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

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