Chlamydophila psittaci: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
 
(13 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
__NOTOC__
'''For the WikiDoc page for this topic, click [[Psittacosis|here]]'''
{{CMG}}; '''Associate Editor-In-Chief:''' [[User: Mohammed Sbeih|Mohammed A. Sbeih, M.D.]] [mailto:msbeih@wikidoc.org]{{DAMI}}
{{Taxobox
{{Taxobox
| color = lightgrey
| color = lightgrey
Line 12: Line 18:
}}
}}
{{psittacosis}}
{{psittacosis}}
{{About0|psittacosis}}
 


==Overview==
==Overview==
Most patients with psittacosis have a history of contact with birds. Transmission of infection from other animals to humans is rare. Human-to-human transmission may occur. Certain strains of C. psittaci may infect sheep, goats, cats, dogs, dairy cattle, and horses,
Psittacosis is caused by the [[organism]] [[Chlamydia|''Chlamydia psittaci''.]] [[Chlamydia (bacterium)|Chlamydia]] is understood to be a [[Gram-negative]] [[bacterium]] belonging to the [[genus]] [[Chlamydia]] or [[Chlamydophila]] in the [[family]] of [[Chlamydiaceae|''Chlamydiaceae'']]  together with [[Parachlamydiaceae|''Parachlamydiaceae'']], [[Waddliaceae|''Waddliaceae'']] and [[Simkaniaceae|''Simkaniaceae'']] in the [[Order (biology)|order]] [[Chlamydiales|''Chlamydiales'']], [[Class (biology)|class]] and [[phylum]] [[Chlamydiae|''Chlamydiae'']]. [[Chlamydiales]] are [[obligate]] intracellular infectious agents in [[eukaryotic]] cells characterized by a unique developmental replication cycle.<ref name="pmid229510">{{cite journal| author=de Rossi G, Focacci C| title=Early detection of craniosynostosis by 99mTc-pyrophosphate bone scanning. | journal=Radiol Diagn (Berl) | year= 1979 | volume= 20 | issue= 3 | pages= 405-9 | pmid=229510 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=229510  }} </ref>
 
==Causes==
==Causes==
At least 460 species from 30 bird orders;
* Birds are the major [[zoonotic]] reservoir. Despite its name, ''C. psittaci'' infection has been documented in 467 species from 30 bird [[Order (biology)|orders]], from psittaformes to ostriches to penguins have all been found to be associated with the development of [[psittacosis]].<ref name="BeeckmanVanrompay2009">{{cite journal|last1=Beeckman|first1=D.S.A.|last2=Vanrompay|first2=D.C.G.|title=Zoonotic Chlamydophila psittaci infections from a clinical perspective|journal=Clinical Microbiology and Infection|volume=15|issue=1|year=2009|pages=11–17|issn=1198743X|doi=10.1111/j.1469-0691.2008.02669.x}}</ref> 
*Turkeys
* Bird handlers and those who keep birds as pets have a higher [[prevalence]] of the [[disease]].
*Pheasants
* [[C. psittaci|''C. psittaci'']] may be classified into eight [[serovars]] according to variation in the [[Major Basic Protein|major outer membrane protein]] (MOMP): [[serovar]] A to F, WC and M56.<ref name="pmid9765811">{{cite journal| author=Vanrompay D, Butaye P, Sayada C, Ducatelle R, Haesebrouck F| title=Characterization of avian Chlamydia psittaci strains using omp1 restriction mapping and serovar-specific monoclonal antibodies. | journal=Res Microbiol | year= 1997 | volume= 148 | issue= 4 | pages= 327-33 | pmid=9765811 | doi=10.1016/S0923-2508(97)81588-4 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9765811  }} </ref>
*Chickens,
'''Table 1: Classification of ''Chlamydophila psittaci into 8 serovars'''''<ref name="pmid1153750">{{cite journal| author=Balter S, Janower ML| title=The use of photochromic eyeglasses by radiologists. | journal=Radiology | year= 1975 | volume= 116 | issue= 02 | pages= 450 | pmid=1153750 | doi=10.1148/116.2.450 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=1153750 }} </ref>
*Ostriches and penguins.
{| class="wikitable"
*Migratory birds such as geese, may carry this pathogen.<ref name="pmid23654298">{{cite journal| author=Dickx V, Kalmar ID, Tavernier P, Vanrompay D| title=Prevalence and genotype distribution of Chlamydia psittaci in feral Canada geese (Branta canadensis) in Belgium. | journal=Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis | year= 2013 | volume= 13 | issue= 6 | pages= 382-4 | pmid=23654298 | doi=10.1089/vbz.2012.1131 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23654298 }} </ref>  
!Serovar
*Mule ducks have also been associated with human disease through heavy shedding.
!Genotype
 
!Predominant host order
Most humans are infected from birds of the order psittaciformes, which includes budgerigars, cockatiels, cockatoos, and parrots. Although the ducks are asymptomatic, each bird order tends to be infected by a predominant genotype of C. psittaci.
!Human infection documented
|-
|A
|A
|Psittaformes
* Budgerigars
* Cockatiels
* Parakeets
|Yes
|-
|B
|B
|Columbiformes
* Pigeons
* Doves
|Yes
|-
|C
|C
|Anseriformes
* Ducks
* Geese
* Swans
|Yes
|-
|D
|D
|Galliformes
* Turkeys
* Pheasants
* Chickens
|Yes
|-
|E
|E
|Struthioniformes
* Ostriches
* Pigeons
* Duck
|Yes
|-
|F
|F
|Isolated from single parakeet and turkey only
|Yes
|-
|WC
|G
|Cattle
|No
|-
|M56
|H
|Rodents
|No
|-
|
|E/B
|Ducks
|Yes
|}


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 14:32, 27 July 2017


For the WikiDoc page for this topic, click here

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor-In-Chief: Mohammed A. Sbeih, M.D. [2]Omodamola Aje B.Sc, M.D. [3]

Chlamydophila psittaci
Direct fluorescent antibody stain of a mouse brain impression smear showing C. psittaci.
Direct fluorescent antibody stain of a mouse brain impression smear showing C. psittaci.
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Bacteria
Phylum: Chlamydiae
Order: Chlamydiales
Family: Chlamydiaceae
Genus: Chlamydophila
Species: C. psittaci

Psittacosis Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Psittacosis from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Chest X Ray

CT

MRI

Echocardiography or Ultrasound

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Chlamydophila psittaci On the Web

Most recent articles

cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Chlamydophila psittaci

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Chlamydophila psittaci

CDC on Chlamydophila psittaci

Chlamydophila psittaci in the news

Blogs on Chlamydophila psittaci

Psittacosis

Risk calculators and risk factors for Chlamydophila psittaci


Overview

Psittacosis is caused by the organism Chlamydia psittaci. Chlamydia is understood to be a Gram-negative bacterium belonging to the genus Chlamydia or Chlamydophila in the family of Chlamydiaceae together with Parachlamydiaceae, Waddliaceae and Simkaniaceae in the order Chlamydiales, class and phylum Chlamydiae. Chlamydiales are obligate intracellular infectious agents in eukaryotic cells characterized by a unique developmental replication cycle.[1]

Causes

Table 1: Classification of Chlamydophila psittaci into 8 serovars[4]

Serovar Genotype Predominant host order Human infection documented
A A Psittaformes
  • Budgerigars
  • Cockatiels
  • Parakeets
Yes
B B Columbiformes
  • Pigeons
  • Doves
Yes
C C Anseriformes
  • Ducks
  • Geese
  • Swans
Yes
D D Galliformes
  • Turkeys
  • Pheasants
  • Chickens
Yes
E E Struthioniformes
  • Ostriches
  • Pigeons
  • Duck
Yes
F F Isolated from single parakeet and turkey only Yes
WC G Cattle No
M56 H Rodents No
E/B Ducks Yes

References

  1. de Rossi G, Focacci C (1979). "Early detection of craniosynostosis by 99mTc-pyrophosphate bone scanning". Radiol Diagn (Berl). 20 (3): 405–9. PMID 229510.
  2. Beeckman, D.S.A.; Vanrompay, D.C.G. (2009). "Zoonotic Chlamydophila psittaci infections from a clinical perspective". Clinical Microbiology and Infection. 15 (1): 11–17. doi:10.1111/j.1469-0691.2008.02669.x. ISSN 1198-743X.
  3. Vanrompay D, Butaye P, Sayada C, Ducatelle R, Haesebrouck F (1997). "Characterization of avian Chlamydia psittaci strains using omp1 restriction mapping and serovar-specific monoclonal antibodies". Res Microbiol. 148 (4): 327–33. doi:10.1016/S0923-2508(97)81588-4. PMID 9765811.
  4. Balter S, Janower ML (1975). "The use of photochromic eyeglasses by radiologists". Radiology. 116 (02): 450. doi:10.1148/116.2.450. PMID 1153750.


Template:WikiDoc Sources