Ceftazidime

Ceftazidime

Clinical data
Pregnancy category	AU: B1 US: B (No risk in non-human studies)
Routes of administration	Intravenous, intramuscular
ATC code	J01DD02 (WHO)
Legal status
Legal status	AU: S4 (Prescription only)
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	91% (IM)
Metabolism	negligible
Elimination half-life	1.6–2 hours
Excretion	90–96% renal
Identifiers
IUPAC name (6R,7R,Z)-7-(2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)- 2-(2-carboxypropan-2-yloxyimino)acetamido)-8-oxo- 3-(pyridinium-1-ylmethyl)-5-thia-1-aza-bicyclo[4.2.0] oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate
CAS Number	72558-82-8
PubChem CID	91713
DrugBank	APRD00857
E number	{{#property:P628}}
ECHA InfoCard	{{#property:P2566}}
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C22H22N6O7S2
Molar mass	546.58 g/mol

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Overview

Ceftazidime (INN) (IPA: Template:IPA) is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic. Like other third-generation cephalosporins, it has broad spectrum activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Unlike most third-generation agents, it is active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, however it has weaker activity against Gram-positive microorganisms and is not used for such infections. Ceftazidime pentahydrate is marketed under various trade names including Fortum (GSK).

Clinical use

Main article: Cephalosporin

Ceftazidime is usually reserved for the treatment of infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It is also used in the empirical therapy of febrile neutropenia, in combination with other antibiotics. The usual dose is 1–2 g IV/IM every 8–12 hours(2 - 3times), though this can vary by the indication, infection severity, and/or renal function of the recipient.

Chemistry

In addition to the syn-configuration of the imino side chain, compared to other third-generation cephalosporins, the more complex moiety (containing two methyl and a carboxylic acid group) confers extra stability to β-lactamase enzymes produced by many Gram-negative bacteria. The extra stability to β-lactamases increases the activity of ceftazidime against otherwise resistant Gram-negative organisms including Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The charged pyridinum moiety increases water-solubility.

See also

• Cephalosporin