|
|
| (7 intermediate revisions by one other user not shown) |
| Line 3: |
Line 3: |
| {{CMG}} {{AE}} {{Sahar}} {{MV}} | | {{CMG}} {{AE}} {{Sahar}} {{MV}} |
|
| |
|
| {{SK}} Tumor of the carotid body; | | {{SK}} Tumor of the carotid body |
|
| |
|
| ==Overview== | | ==Overview== |
| Line 10: |
Line 10: |
|
| |
|
| ==Classification== | | ==Classification== |
| <gallery>
| |
| Distribution-of-paragangliomas.jpg | Distribution of paraganglioma<ref>Distribution of paraganglioma. Radiopaedia 2015. Dr Yuranga Weerakkody and Assoc Prof Frank Gaillard et al. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraganglioma#/media/File:Paraganglioma_-_s100_-_very_high_mag.jpg. Accessed on November 23, 2015</ref>
| |
| </Gallery>
| |
|
| |
|
| ==Pathophysiology== | | ==Pathophysiology== |
| Line 19: |
Line 16: |
|
| |
|
| ==Histology== | | ==Histology== |
| Image:800px-Carotid_body_tumour_2_intermed_mag.jpg | Carotid body tumor higher magnification<ref name=aaa>Carotid body tumor. Wikipedi 2015. Accessed on November 23, 2015. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraganglioma#/media/File:Carotid_body_tumour_2_low_mag.jpg</ref>
| |
| 218px-Carotid_body_tumour_2_low_mag.jpg | Carotid body tumor lower magnification<ref name=aaa>Carotid body tumor. Wikipedi 2015. Accessed on November 23, 2015. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraganglioma#/media/File:Carotid_body_tumour_2_low_mag.jpg</ref>
| |
| </gallery>
| |
|
| |
|
| ==Causes== | | ==Causes== |
| Line 44: |
Line 38: |
|
| |
|
| ==Ultrasound== | | ==Ultrasound== |
| * Two-dimensional [[ultrasound-imaging]], by itself, is not [[diagnostic]], however, it may be helpful in the diagnosis of carotid body tumor.<ref name="StoeckliSchuknecht2002">{{cite journal|last1=Stoeckli|first1=Sandro J.|last2=Schuknecht|first2=Bernhard|last3=Alkadhi|first3=Hatem|last4=Fisch|first4=Ugo|title=Evaluation of Paragangliomas Presenting as a Cervical Mass on Color-Coded Doppler Sonography|journal=The Laryngoscope|volume=112|issue=1|year=2002|pages=143–146|issn=0023-852X|doi=10.1097/00005537-200201000-00025}}</ref>
| | |
| * A [[solid]], well-defined, hypoechoic lesion on [[ultrasound imaging]].
| |
| * This tumor also causes the displacement of the nearby structures
| |
| ** The external carotid artery is usually splayed anteriorly
| |
| ** The internal carotid artery and internal jugular vein are moved posteriorly
| |
| * On color-doppler ultrasound imaging, the tumor appears hypervascular and the direction of blood flow in the tumor is upward at a greater extent.
| |
| ** It is of particular note that, although not common, the tumor may not be hypervascular.
| |
| * The combination of B mode ultrasound imaging and color-doppler sonography has been observed to be diagnostic for this tumor.
| |
| ==CT scan== | | ==CT scan== |
|
| |
|
| ==MRI== | | ==MRI== |
| *On MRI, findings of carotid body tumor, include:<ref name="wiki">Carotid body tumor. Dr Henry Knipe. Radiopedia. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/carotid-body-tumour Accessed on April 8, 2016</ref>
| |
| :*T1: iso to hypointense compared to muscle
| |
| :*Salt and pepper appearance when larger, representing a combination of punctate regions of haemorrhage or slow flow (salt) and flow voids (pepper)
| |
| :*Intense enhancement following gadolinium
| |
| :*T2: hyper intense compared to muscle
| |
| :*Salt and pepper appearance also seen on T2
| |
| ====Gallery====
| |
| <gallery>
| |
| File:Carotid-body-tumour-8.jpg | MRA of carotid body tumor<ref> Carotid body tumor. Radiopaedia 2015. Case courtesy of Dr Andrew Lawson. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/carotid-body-tumour. Accessed on December 7, 2015</ref>
| |
| Carotid-body-tumour-on-angiography.jpg | Carotid body tumor angiography<ref>Carotid body tumor angiography. Radiopaedia 2015. Accessed on November 23, 2015. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/carotid-body-tumour</ref>
| |
| Carotid-body-tumour-1_(1).jpg | CT scan of carotid body tumor.<ref>Carotid body tumor. Dr Yuranga Weerakkody and Assoc Prof Frank Gaillard et al. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/carotid-body-tumour. Accessed on December 7, 2015</ref>
| |
| </gallery>
| |
|
| |
| === Other Diagnostic Studies === | | === Other Diagnostic Studies === |
| *Carotid body tumor may also be diagnosed using [[angiogram]].
| |
| *Findings on angiogram may include:
| |
| :*Vascular blush
| |
| :*Splaying of the carotids
| |
|
| |
|
| == Treatment == | | == Treatment == |
| Line 82: |
Line 52: |
| {{Reflist|2}} | | {{Reflist|2}} |
| | | |
| [[Category: Oncology]]
| |
| [[Category:Up-To-Date]]
| |
| [[Category:Oncology]]
| |
| [[Category:Medicine]] | | [[Category:Medicine]] |
| [[Category:Vascular medicine]]
| |
| [[Category:Surgery]]
| |
| [[Category:Otolaryngology]]
| |
| [[Category:Neurosurgery]]
| |
| [[Category:Up-To-Date]]
| |
| [[Category:Oncology]] | | [[Category:Oncology]] |
| [[Category:Medicine]] | | [[Category:Up-To-Date]] |
| [[Category:Vascular medicine]]
| | |
| [[Category:Surgery]] | | [[Category:Surgery]] |