Breast cancer physical examination

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mirdula Sharma, MBBS [2]

Overview

Patients with breast cancer usually are generally well appearing. Physical examination of patients with breast cancer is usually remarkable for lump in the breast, peau d'orange, and inverted nipple.

Physical Examination

General Appearance

  • Patients with breast cancer are generally well appearing.Patients are generally oriented to time, place, and person.[1][2]

Neck

Enlarged supraclavicular lymph nodes

Breast

  • Lump
  • may be attached to the skin or chest wall and cannot be moved.
  • The lump may feel hard, irregular in shape and very different from the rest of the breast tissue
  • The lump may be tender, but it is usually not painful.
  • Dimpling of the skin
  • Peau d'orange
  • thickening and dimpling of the skin
  • Change in size of affected breast
  • Inverted nipple
  • Redness, swelling and increased warmth - in Inflammatory breast cancer
  • Crusting, ulcers or scaling on the nipple - in Paget's disease of breast
  • Discharge from nipple - mostly bloody

Respiratory

Signs of metastasis

  • Pleural effusion
  • Consolidation

Abdomen

Signs of metastasis to liver

  • Jaundice
  • Hepatomegaly
  • Ascites

Extremity

Signs of metastasis

  • Bone tenderness
  • Pathological fractures

Neuromuscular

Signs of metastasis

  • Headache
  • Seizure
  • Personality change
  • Papilloedema

References

  1. Breast Cancer. Ganfyd (2015) http://www.ganfyd.org/index.php?title=Breast_cancer#Presenting_Symptoms Accessed on january 16, 2016
  2. Breast cancer. Canadian Cancer Society (2015) http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/breast/signs-and-symptoms/?region=on#ixzz3xScycfqv Accessed on January 16, 2016

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