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Revision as of 19:53, 9 August 2016
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Kiran Singh, M.D. [2], Haleigh Williams, B.S.
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Overview
The prevalence of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is 5,000 per 100,000 (5%) and 2,500 per 100,000 (2.5%) in children and adults, respectively.[1]
Epidemiology and Demographics
Prevalence
- The prevalence of ADHD in children is 5,000 per 100,000 (5%) of the overall population.[1]
- The prevalence of ADHD in adults is 2,500 per 100,000 (2.5%) of the overall population.[1]
Incidence
Based on the Health Resources and Services Administration's National Survey of Children's Health, the percentage of children age 4-17 years diagnosed with ADHD increased from 7.8 percent in 2003 to 9.5 percent in 2007. [2]
Age
ADHD is most commonly identified in school-aged children. For an adult to be diagnosed with ADHD, the patient’s symptoms must have been present prior to the age of 12.[3]
Gender
Males are twice as likely as females to be diagnosed with ADHD.[4] The Preschool ADHD-Treatment Study (PATS) showed that girls and boys with ADHD also showed different changes in the course of their illness following treatment with Ritalin, a stimulant. At baseline, girls tended to have more severe symptoms, especially inattentiveness. Although they showed a steeper decline in symptom severity over the six-year follow-up period compared to boys, their symptoms remained more severe than those of the boys throughout the study period, with the exception of hyperactivity and impulsivity in classroom settings.[5]
Race
ADHD is observed in patients of all racial/ethnic backgrounds, but does appear to be most common in non-Hispanic Caucasians.[4]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders : DSM-5. Washington, D.C: American Psychiatric Association. 2013. ISBN 0890425558.
- ↑ Zuvekas SH, Vitiello B (2012). "Stimulant medication use in children: a 12-year perspective". Am J Psychiatry. 169 (2): 160–6. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2011.11030387. PMC 3548321. PMID 22420039.
- ↑ National Institute of Mental Health (NIH). (2016). "Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder."
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Briars, L., & Todd, T. (2016). A Review of Pharmacological Management of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. The Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics : JPPT, 21(3), 192–206. http://doi.org/10.5863/1551-6776-21.3.192.
- ↑ Riddle MA, Yershova K, Lazzaretto D, Paykina N, Yenokyan G, Greenhill L; et al. (2013). "The Preschool Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Treatment Study (PATS) 6-year follow-up". J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 52 (3): 264–278.e2. doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2012.12.007. PMC 3660093. PMID 23452683. Review in: Evid Based Ment Health. 2013 Aug;16(3):63