Atrial septal defect chest x ray: Difference between revisions

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==Less Common Findings==
==Less Common Findings==
* Normal appearance of heart vasculature
* Normal appearance of heart vasculature
* [[Left heart enlargement]]/[[left atrial enlargement]]
* Left heart enlargement/[[left atrial enlargement]]
* [[Pulmonary edema]]
* [[Pulmonary edema]]
* [[Hypertension|Pulmonary venous hypertension]]
* [[Hypertension|Pulmonary venous hypertension]]

Revision as of 18:52, 24 August 2011

Atrial Septal Defect Microchapters

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Patient Information

Overview

Anatomy

Classification

Ostium Secundum Atrial Septal Defect
Ostium Primum Atrial Septal Defect
Sinus Venosus Atrial Septal Defect
Coronary Sinus
Patent Foramen Ovale
Common or Single Atrium

Pathophysiology

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History and Prognosis

Complications

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Electrocardiogram

Chest X Ray

CT

MRI

Echocardiography

Transesophageal Echocardiography
Transthoracic Echocardiography
Contrast Echocardiography
M-Mode
Doppler

Transcranial Doppler Ultrasound

Cardiac Catheterization

Exercise Testing

ACC/AHA Guidelines for Evaluation of Unoperated Patients

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Indications for Surgical Repair
Surgical Closure
Minimally Invasive Repair


Robotic ASD Repair
Percutaneous Closure
Post-Surgical Follow Up

Special Scenarios

Pregnancy
Diving and Decompression Sickness
Paradoxical Emboli
Pulmonary Hypertension
Eisenmenger's Syndrome
Atmospheric Pressure

Case Studies

Case #1

Atrial septal defect chest x ray On the Web

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Priyamvada Singh, M.B.B.S. [[2]]; Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [3]; Assistant Editor(s)-In-Chief: Kristin Feeney, B.S. [[4]]

Overview

Chest x rays may be used as a diagnostic tool in the evaluation of an atrial septal defect. As a modality, chest x rays can be limited in diagnostic imaging quality and may often be elected to be used in conjunction with other imaging techniques. Typical findings may include cardiomegaly and pulmonary artery enlargement.

Indications

  • Effectively evaluates the size of the heart
  • Effectively evaluates the size of blood vessels involved with pulmonary hemodynamics

Common Findings

  • In an anteroposterior view, one may see:
  • Prominent pulmonary vascular markings on the chest
  • Enlargement of the cardiac silhouette
  • Normal apperance of the left atrium and left ventricle
  • Triangular appearance of the heart
  • Results from enlargement of pulmonary arteries preventing the ascending and transverse aorta from forming normal heart borders
  • Visible fullness of the right atrium, likely the result of a moderate to large defect
  • Scimitar sign, a vertical, modestly curved, density in the right-side of the pericardium, may be visible
  • Commonly associated with the sinus venosus atrial septal defect
  • Results from the point of insertion of the pulmonary vein into the inferior vena cava
  • May cause abnormal densities within the chest x ray
  • In a lateral view, one may see:
  • Prominent pulmonary vasculature
  • Extends to the periphery of the lung fields and pulmonary trunk
  • Central branches may be dilated
  • Commonly found in ostium secundum atrial septal defects

Less Common Findings

Disadvantages

  • Image quality is not comparable to that of other modalities such as echocardiography and ultrasound
  • Appearance of defect signs may be subtle or absent in pediatrics and young adults

Imaging

References

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