Atrial septal defect chest x ray: Difference between revisions

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__NOTOC__
{{Atrial septal defect}}
{{Atrial septal defect}}
{{CMG}}; '''Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief:''' [[Priyamvada Singh|Priyamvada Singh, M.B.B.S.]] [[mailto:psingh@perfuse.org]]; {{CZ}}; '''Assistant Editor(s)-In-Chief:''' [[Kristin Feeney|Kristin Feeney, B.S.]] [[mailto:kfeeney@perfuse.org]]
{{CMG}}; '''Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief:''' [[Priyamvada Singh|Priyamvada Singh, M.B.B.S.]] [mailto:psingh13579@gmail.com]; {{CZ}}; '''Assistant Editor(s)-In-Chief:''' [[Kristin Feeney|Kristin Feeney, B.S.]] [mailto:kfeeney@elon.edu]


==Overview==
==Overview==
Although not the most preferred methodology, chest x rays may be used as a diagnostic tool in the evaluation of an atrial septal defect. Diagnostic findings may include enlargement of the atrial border or [[cardiomegaly]].
Chest x rays may detect an atrial septal defect. Chest x rays can be limited in imaging quality and may only supplement other imaging modalities. The chest x-ray may demonstrate [[cardiomegaly]] (right ventricle and [[right atrial enlargement]]), a prominent [[pulmonary artery]] segment and increased pulmonary vascular markings.


==Chest X-ray==
==Chest X Ray==


Findings of Chest X-ray seen in atrial septal defects are-
===Common Findings===


* In secundum ASD with large left-to-right shunt - Chest x-ray may show findings suggestive of cardiac enlargement and increased pulmonary vascularity. The increase in pulmonary vascularity typically extends to the periphery of the lung fields, and the pulmonary trunk and central branches appear dilated.
CXR findings on an anteroposterior view of the chest x-ray in atrial septal defect may include: <ref name="Abdulla">Abdulla, Ra-id. (2011). Heart Diseases in Children: A Pediatrician's Guide. Springer.</ref>


* Triangular appearance of heart- This is seen because the enlarged pulmonary arteries prevents ascending and transverse aorta from forming the normal heart borders.  
1) Prominent [[pulmonary artery]], increased pulmonary vascular markings.


* Enlargement of the right side of heart, however the left atrium and left ventricle are normal.
2) [[Cardiomegaly]] due to [[right atrial enlargement|right atrial]] and ventricular enlargement.


* Sinus venosus defect a scimitar sign may be seen. This occurs due to the insertion of the pulmonary vein into the inferior vena cava and can be appreciated as abnormal densities on the chest X-ray. The scimitar sign is a vertical, gently curved, right-sided paracardiac density.  
3)' Triangular appearance of the [[heart]]
* Results from enlargement of [[pulmonary arteries]] preventing the ascending and transverse [[aorta]] from forming normal heart borders.


4) [[Scimitar syndrome|Scimitar sign]]
* A vertical, modestly curved, density in the right-side of the [[pericardium]], may be visible.
* Commonly associated with the [[Atrial septal defect sinus venosus|sinus venosus]] atrial septal defect.
* Results from the point of insertion of the [[pulmonary vein]] into the [[inferior vena cava]].
* May cause abnormal densities within the [[chest x ray]].


====Imaging====
5) Dilatation of the [[superior vena cava]] can be seen in [[Atrial septal defect sinus venosus|sinus venosus]]
 
===Less Common Findings===
* Normal appearance of heart vasculature
* Left heart enlargement/[[left atrial enlargement]]
* [[Pulmonary edema]]
* [[Hypertension|Pulmonary venous hypertension]]
===Imagings===
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==References==
==References==
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[[CME Category::Cardiology]]


[[Category:Cardiology]]
[[Category:Cardiology]]
[[Category:Congenital heart disease]]
[[Category:Congenital heart disease]]
[[Category:Mature chapter]]
[[Category:Pediatrics]]
 
[[Category:Embryology]]
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Latest revision as of 01:44, 15 March 2016

Atrial Septal Defect Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Anatomy

Classification

Ostium Secundum Atrial Septal Defect
Ostium Primum Atrial Septal Defect
Sinus Venosus Atrial Septal Defect
Coronary Sinus
Patent Foramen Ovale
Common or Single Atrium

Pathophysiology

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History and Prognosis

Complications

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Electrocardiogram

Chest X Ray

CT

MRI

Echocardiography

Transesophageal Echocardiography
Transthoracic Echocardiography
Contrast Echocardiography
M-Mode
Doppler

Transcranial Doppler Ultrasound

Cardiac Catheterization

Exercise Testing

ACC/AHA Guidelines for Evaluation of Unoperated Patients

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Indications for Surgical Repair
Surgical Closure
Minimally Invasive Repair


Robotic ASD Repair
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Special Scenarios

Pregnancy
Diving and Decompression Sickness
Paradoxical Emboli
Pulmonary Hypertension
Eisenmenger's Syndrome
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Case #1

Atrial septal defect chest x ray On the Web

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Priyamvada Singh, M.B.B.S. [2]; Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [3]; Assistant Editor(s)-In-Chief: Kristin Feeney, B.S. [4]

Overview

Chest x rays may detect an atrial septal defect. Chest x rays can be limited in imaging quality and may only supplement other imaging modalities. The chest x-ray may demonstrate cardiomegaly (right ventricle and right atrial enlargement), a prominent pulmonary artery segment and increased pulmonary vascular markings.

Chest X Ray

Common Findings

CXR findings on an anteroposterior view of the chest x-ray in atrial septal defect may include: [1]

1) Prominent pulmonary artery, increased pulmonary vascular markings.

2) Cardiomegaly due to right atrial and ventricular enlargement.

3)' Triangular appearance of the heart

  • Results from enlargement of pulmonary arteries preventing the ascending and transverse aorta from forming normal heart borders.

4) Scimitar sign

5) Dilatation of the superior vena cava can be seen in sinus venosus

Less Common Findings

Imagings

References

  1. Abdulla, Ra-id. (2011). Heart Diseases in Children: A Pediatrician's Guide. Springer.

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