Atrial fibrillation maintenance of rate control and sinus rhythm: Difference between revisions
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(/* Maintenance of Sinus Rhythm (DO NOT EDIT){{cite journal| author=Wann LS, Curtis AB, January CT, Ellenbogen KA, Lowe JE, Estes NA et al.| title=2011 ACCF/AHA/HRS focused update on the management of patients with atrial fibrillation (Updating the...) |
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| colspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:LightGreen"|[[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Classification of Recommendations|Class I]] | | colspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:LightGreen"|[[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Classification of Recommendations|Class I]] | ||
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| bgcolor="LightGreen"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''1.''' Before initiating [[antiarrhythmic drug therapy]], treatment of precipitating or reversible causes of [[AF]] is recommended. ([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: C]]) <nowiki>"</nowiki> | | bgcolor="LightGreen"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''1.''' Before initiating [[antiarrhythmic drug therapy]], treatment of precipitating or reversible causes of [[AF]] is recommended. ''([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: C]])''<nowiki>"</nowiki> | ||
|- | |- | ||
|bgcolor="LightGreen"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''2.''' Catheter ablation performed in experienced centers* is useful in maintaining sinus rhythm in selected patients with significantly symptomatic, paroxysmal AF who have failed treatment with an antiarrhythmic drug and have normal or mildly dilated left atria, normal or mildly reduced LV function, and no severe pulmonary disease. ([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: A]])'' <nowiki>"</nowiki> | |bgcolor="LightGreen"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''2.''' Catheter ablation performed in experienced centers* is useful in maintaining sinus rhythm in selected patients with significantly symptomatic, paroxysmal AF who have failed treatment with an antiarrhythmic drug and have normal or mildly dilated left atria, normal or mildly reduced LV function, and no severe pulmonary disease. ''([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: A]])''<nowiki>"</nowiki> | ||
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|colspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:LightCoral"|[[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Classification of Recommendations|Class III]] (Harm) | |colspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:LightCoral"|[[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Classification of Recommendations|Class III]] (Harm) | ||
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|bgcolor="LightCoral"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''1.''' [[Antiarrhythmic therapy]] with a particular drug is not recommended for maintenance of [[sinus rhythm]] in patients with [[AF]] who have well-defined risk factors for [[proarrhythmia]] with that agent. ([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: A]]) <nowiki>"</nowiki> | |bgcolor="LightCoral"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''1.''' [[Antiarrhythmic therapy]] with a particular drug is not recommended for maintenance of [[sinus rhythm]] in patients with [[AF]] who have well-defined risk factors for [[proarrhythmia]] with that agent. ''([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: A]])''<nowiki>"</nowiki> | ||
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|bgcolor="LightCoral"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''2.''' Pharmacological therapy is not recommended for maintenance of [[sinus rhythm]] in patients with advanced sinus node disease or AV node dysfunction unless they have a functioning [[electronic cardiac pacemaker]]. ([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: C]])'' <nowiki>"</nowiki> | |bgcolor="LightCoral"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''2.''' Pharmacological therapy is not recommended for maintenance of [[sinus rhythm]] in patients with advanced sinus node disease or AV node dysfunction unless they have a functioning [[electronic cardiac pacemaker]]. ''([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: C]])''<nowiki>"</nowiki> | ||
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| colspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:LemonChiffon"|[[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Classification of Recommendations|Class IIa]] | | colspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:LemonChiffon"|[[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Classification of Recommendations|Class IIa]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|bgcolor="LemonChiffon"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''1.''' Pharmacological therapy can be useful in patients with [[AF]] to maintain [[sinus rhythm]] and prevent [[tachycardia]]-induced [[cardiomyopathy]]. ([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: C]])<nowiki>"</nowiki> | |bgcolor="LemonChiffon"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''1.''' Pharmacological therapy can be useful in patients with [[AF]] to maintain [[sinus rhythm]] and prevent [[tachycardia]]-induced [[cardiomyopathy]]. ''([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: C]])''<nowiki>"</nowiki> | ||
|- | |- | ||
|bgcolor="LemonChiffon"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''2.''' Infrequent, well-tolerated recurrence of [[AF]] is reasonable as a successful outcome of [[antiarrhythmic drug therapy]]. ([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: C]]) <nowiki>"</nowiki> | |bgcolor="LemonChiffon"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''2.''' Infrequent, well-tolerated recurrence of [[AF]] is reasonable as a successful outcome of [[antiarrhythmic drug therapy]]. ''([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: C]])''<nowiki>"</nowiki> | ||
|- | |- | ||
|bgcolor="LemonChiffon"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''3.''' Outpatient initiation of [[antiarrhythmic drug therapy]] is reasonable in patients with [[AF]] who have no associated [[heart disease]] when the agent is well tolerated. ([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: C]]) <nowiki>"</nowiki> | |bgcolor="LemonChiffon"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''3.''' Outpatient initiation of [[antiarrhythmic drug therapy]] is reasonable in patients with [[AF]] who have no associated [[heart disease]] when the agent is well tolerated. ''([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: C]])''<nowiki>"</nowiki> | ||
|- | |- | ||
|bgcolor="LemonChiffon"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''4.''' In patients with AF without structural or coronary heart disease, initiation of propafenone or flecainide can be beneficial on an outpatient basis in patients with paroxysmal AF who are in sinus rhythm at the time of drug initiation. ([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: B]]) <nowiki>"</nowiki> | |bgcolor="LemonChiffon"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''4.''' In patients with AF without structural or coronary heart disease, initiation of propafenone or flecainide can be beneficial on an outpatient basis in patients with paroxysmal AF who are in sinus rhythm at the time of drug initiation. ''([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: B]])''<nowiki>"</nowiki> | ||
|- | |- | ||
|bgcolor="LemonChiffon"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''5.''' [[Sotalol]] can be beneficial in outpatients in [[sinus rhythm]] with little or no [[heart disease]], prone to paroxysmal [[AF]], if the baseline uncorrected [[QT interval]] is less than 460 ms, serum electrolytes are normal, and risk factors associated with class III drug–related pro-arrhythmia are not present. ([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: C]]) <nowiki>"</nowiki> | |bgcolor="LemonChiffon"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''5.''' [[Sotalol]] can be beneficial in outpatients in [[sinus rhythm]] with little or no [[heart disease]], prone to paroxysmal [[AF]], if the baseline uncorrected [[QT interval]] is less than 460 ms, serum electrolytes are normal, and risk factors associated with class III drug–related pro-arrhythmia are not present. ''([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: C]])''<nowiki>"</nowiki> | ||
|- | |- | ||
|bgcolor="LemonChiffon"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''6.''' Catheter ablation is reasonable to treat symptomatic persistent AF. ([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: A]]) <nowiki>"</nowiki> | |bgcolor="LemonChiffon"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''6.''' Catheter ablation is reasonable to treat symptomatic persistent AF. ''([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: A]])''<nowiki>"</nowiki> | ||
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| colspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:LemonChiffon"|[[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Classification of Recommendations|Class IIb]] | | colspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:LemonChiffon"|[[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Classification of Recommendations|Class IIb]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|bgcolor="LemonChiffon"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''1.''' Catheter ablation may be reasonable to treat symptomatic paroxysmal AF in patients with significant left atrial dilatation or with significant LV dysfunction. ([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: A]])<nowiki>"</nowiki> | |bgcolor="LemonChiffon"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''1.''' Catheter ablation may be reasonable to treat symptomatic paroxysmal AF in patients with significant left atrial dilatation or with significant LV dysfunction. ''([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: A]])''<nowiki>"</nowiki> | ||
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Revision as of 19:33, 2 November 2012
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Sinus rhythm  |
Atrial fibrillation  | |
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| ICD-10 | I48 |
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| ICD-9 | 427.31 |
| DiseasesDB | 1065 |
| MedlinePlus | 000184 |
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Atrial Fibrillation Microchapters | |
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Cardioversion | |
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Anticoagulation | |
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Surgery | |
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Case Studies | |
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Atrial fibrillation maintenance of rate control and sinus rhythm On the Web | |
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FDA on Atrial fibrillation maintenance of rate control and sinus rhythm | |
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CDC on Atrial fibrillation maintenance of rate control and sinus rhythm | |
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Directions to Hospitals Treating Atrial fibrillation maintenance of rate control and sinus rhythm | |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]; Varun Kumar, M.B.B.S.
Overview
Prophylactic antiarrhythmic drug therapy may be required to maintain sinus rhythm, reduce frequency of symptoms, improve hemodynamic function and exercise capacity and prevent tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy secondary to atrial fibrillation. In patients with heart failure, pharmacological maintenance of sinus rhythm has shown to reduce morbidity.[1][2]
2011 ACCF/AHA/HRS focused update on the management of patients with atrial fibrillation (Updating the 2006 Guideline) (DO NOT EDIT)[3]
Maintenance of Sinus Rhythm (DO NOT EDIT)[3]
| Class I |
| "1. Before initiating antiarrhythmic drug therapy, treatment of precipitating or reversible causes of AF is recommended. (Level of Evidence: C)" |
| "2. Catheter ablation performed in experienced centers* is useful in maintaining sinus rhythm in selected patients with significantly symptomatic, paroxysmal AF who have failed treatment with an antiarrhythmic drug and have normal or mildly dilated left atria, normal or mildly reduced LV function, and no severe pulmonary disease. (Level of Evidence: A)" |
| Class III (Harm) |
| "1. Antiarrhythmic therapy with a particular drug is not recommended for maintenance of sinus rhythm in patients with AF who have well-defined risk factors for proarrhythmia with that agent. (Level of Evidence: A)" |
| "2. Pharmacological therapy is not recommended for maintenance of sinus rhythm in patients with advanced sinus node disease or AV node dysfunction unless they have a functioning electronic cardiac pacemaker. (Level of Evidence: C)" |
| Class IIa |
| "1. Pharmacological therapy can be useful in patients with AF to maintain sinus rhythm and prevent tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy. (Level of Evidence: C)" |
| "2. Infrequent, well-tolerated recurrence of AF is reasonable as a successful outcome of antiarrhythmic drug therapy. (Level of Evidence: C)" |
| "3. Outpatient initiation of antiarrhythmic drug therapy is reasonable in patients with AF who have no associated heart disease when the agent is well tolerated. (Level of Evidence: C)" |
| "4. In patients with AF without structural or coronary heart disease, initiation of propafenone or flecainide can be beneficial on an outpatient basis in patients with paroxysmal AF who are in sinus rhythm at the time of drug initiation. (Level of Evidence: B)" |
| "5. Sotalol can be beneficial in outpatients in sinus rhythm with little or no heart disease, prone to paroxysmal AF, if the baseline uncorrected QT interval is less than 460 ms, serum electrolytes are normal, and risk factors associated with class III drug–related pro-arrhythmia are not present. (Level of Evidence: C)" |
| "6. Catheter ablation is reasonable to treat symptomatic persistent AF. (Level of Evidence: A)" |
| Class IIb |
| "1. Catheter ablation may be reasonable to treat symptomatic paroxysmal AF in patients with significant left atrial dilatation or with significant LV dysfunction. (Level of Evidence: A)" |
*Refers to pulmonary vein isolation with catheter ablation. An experienced center is defined as one performing more than 50 AF catheter ablation cases per year. Evidence-based technical guidelines including operator training and experience necessary to maximize rates of successful catheter ablation are not available; each center should maintain a database detailing procedures; success and complications, engage strategies for continuous quality improvement, and participate in registries and other efforts pooling data in order to develop optimal care algorithms.
Vote on and Suggest Revisions to the Current Guidelines
Guideline Resources
- 2011 ACCF/AHA/HRS Focused Updates Incorporated Into the ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation [5]
- ACC/AHA/Physician Consortium 2008 clinical performance measures for adults with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter [6]
References
- ↑ Torp-Pedersen C, Møller M, Bloch-Thomsen PE, Køber L, Sandøe E, Egstrup K et al. (1999) Dofetilide in patients with congestive heart failure and left ventricular dysfunction. Danish Investigations of Arrhythmia and Mortality on Dofetilide Study Group. N Engl J Med 341 (12):857-65. DOI:10.1056/NEJM199909163411201 PMID: 10486417
- ↑ Deedwania PC, Singh BN, Ellenbogen K, Fisher S, Fletcher R, Singh SN (1998) Spontaneous conversion and maintenance of sinus rhythm by amiodarone in patients with heart failure and atrial fibrillation: observations from the veterans affairs congestive heart failure survival trial of antiarrhythmic therapy (CHF-STAT). The Department of Veterans Affairs CHF-STAT Investigators. Circulation 98 (23):2574-9. PMID: 9843465
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Wann LS, Curtis AB, January CT, Ellenbogen KA, Lowe JE, Estes NA; et al. (2011). "2011 ACCF/AHA/HRS focused update on the management of patients with atrial fibrillation (Updating the 2006 Guideline): a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines". Heart Rhythm. 8 (1): 157–76. doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2010.11.047. PMID 21182985.
- ↑ Fuster V, Rydén LE, Cannom DS, Crijns HJ, Curtis AB, Ellenbogen KA et al. (2006) ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 Guidelines for the Management of Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 2001 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation): developed in collaboration with the European Heart Rhythm Association and the Heart Rhythm Society. Circulation 114 (7):e257-354. DOI:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.177292 PMID: 16908781
- ↑ Fuster V, Rydén LE, Cannom DS, Crijns HJ, Curtis AB, Ellenbogen KA et al. (2011) 2011 ACCF/AHA/HRS focused updates incorporated into the ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 guidelines for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on practice guidelines. Circulation 123 (10):e269-367. DOI:10.1161/CIR.0b013e318214876d PMID: 21382897
- ↑ Estes NA, Halperin JL, Calkins H, Ezekowitz MD, Gitman P, Go AS et al. (2008) ACC/AHA/Physician Consortium 2008 clinical performance measures for adults with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Performance Measures and the Physician Consortium for Performance Improvement (Writing Committee to Develop Clinical Performance Measures for Atrial Fibrillation): developed in collaboration with the Heart Rhythm Society. Circulation 117 (8):1101-20. DOI:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.187192 PMID: 18283199
de:Vorhofflimmern it:Fibrillazione atriale nl:Boezemfibrilleren no:Atrieflimmer fi:Eteisvärinä