Aortic insufficiency cardiac catheterization

Aortic Regurgitation Microchapters
Home
Patient Information
Overview
Historical Pesrpective
Pathophysiology
Causes
Stages
Differentiating Aortic Regurgitation from other Diseases
Epidemiology and Demographics
Risk Factors
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
Diagnosis
History and Symptoms
Physical Examination
Cardiac Stress Test
Electrocardiogram
Chest X Ray
Echocardiography
Cardiac MRI
Treatment
Acute Aortic regurgitation Medical Therapy Surgery
Chronic Aortic regurgitation Medical Therapy Surgery
Precautions and Prophylaxis
Special Scenarios Pregnancy Elderly Young Adults End-stage Renal Disease
Case Studies
Case #1
Aortic insufficiency cardiac catheterization On the Web
Most recent articles
Most cited articles
Review articles
CME Programs
Powerpoint slides
Images
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Aortic insufficiency cardiac catheterization All Images X-rays Echo & Ultrasound CT Images MRI
Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov
US National Guidelines Clearinghouse
NICE Guidance
FDA on Aortic insufficiency cardiac catheterization
CDC on Aortic insufficiency cardiac catheterization
Aortic insufficiency cardiac catheterization in the news
Blogs on Aortic insufficiency cardiac catheterization
Directions to Hospitals Treating Aortic regurgitation
Risk calculators and risk factors for Aortic insufficiency cardiac catheterization

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor-In-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2], Varun Kumar, M.B.B.S., Lakshmi Gopalakrishnan, M.B.B.S.

Overview

The use of angiography in assessment of aortic insufficiency is limited because of convenience and non-invasive merits of echocardiogram. Nevertheless, following parameters can be assessed:

• Number of leaflets of aortic valve
• Motion abnormalities of leaflets
• A semiquantitative assessment of the severity of regurgitation
• Left ventricular size and systolic function (ejection fraction)
• Aortic root diameter and other associated disorders such as dissection.

Performance of Aortography

The pigtail catheter is placed a few centimeters above the aortic root. The image intensifier is place in the 45 degree left anterior oblique view with no cranial or caudal angulation. Usually a total of 40 to 50 cc of dye is injected with approximately 20 cc administered every second. You should tell the patient that they can expect a warm feeling throughout their body.

Grading Aortic Insufficiency

The grade of aortic insufficiency is based on the opacification of the left ventricle 2 complete cardiac cycles after injection compared to that of the aortic root.

Grade 1

Brief and incomplete ventricular opacification. Clears rapidly.

---

Grade 2

Moderate opacification of the ventricle that clears in less that 2 cycles. Never greater than aortic root opacification.

<googlevideo>2835396102193538399&hl=en</googlevideo> 2+ AI Marfan Syndrome

---

Grade 3

Opacification of the ventricle equal to aortic root opacification within 2 cycles. Delayed clearing of ventricle over several cycles.

<googlevideo>-7844772248158567311&hl=en</googlevideo> 3+ AI

---

Grade 4

Opacification of the ventricle almost immediately that is greater than that of the aortic root with delayed clearing of the ventricle.

{{#ev:googlevideo|1323435585463870537}}4+ AI

---