Anaphylaxis risk factors: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Common risk factors in the development of anaphylaxis include those related to age, sex, exposure, and other comorbid conditions such as asthma. Delayed use of epinephrine to treat anaphylaxis places patients at increased risk of being hospitalized whereas timely use decreases this risk. <ref name="pmidDOI: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2016-4006">{{cite journal| author=Schmoldt A, Benthe HF, Haberland G| title=Digitoxin metabolism by rat liver microsomes. | journal=Biochem Pharmacol | year= 1975 | volume= 24 | issue= 17 | pages= 1639-41 | pmid=DOI: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2016-4006 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10 }} </ref> | Common risk factors in the development of [[anaphylaxis]] include those related to age, sex, exposure, and other [[Comorbidity|comorbid]] conditions such as [[asthma]]. Delayed use of [[epinephrine]] to treat [[anaphylaxis]] places patients at increased risk of being hospitalized whereas timely use decreases this risk. <ref name="pmidDOI: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2016-4006">{{cite journal| author=Schmoldt A, Benthe HF, Haberland G| title=Digitoxin metabolism by rat liver microsomes. | journal=Biochem Pharmacol | year= 1975 | volume= 24 | issue= 17 | pages= 1639-41 | pmid=DOI: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2016-4006 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10 }} </ref> Patients that have features of increased risk towards [[anaphylaxis]] should be advised to carry auto-injectable [[epinephrine]]. <ref name="pmid28372711">{{cite journal| author=Commins SP| title=Outpatient Emergencies: Anaphylaxis. | journal=Med Clin North Am | year= 2017 | volume= 101 | issue= 3 | pages= 521-536 | pmid=28372711 | doi=10.1016/j.mcna.2016.12.003 | pmc=5381731 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28372711 }} </ref> | ||
==Risk Factors== | ==Risk Factors== | ||
Common risk factors in the development of anaphylaxis include age, sex, geography, history of asthma, atopic history, and interruption of medication.<ref name="pmid28800865">{{cite journal| author=LoVerde D, Iweala OI, Eginli A, Krishnaswamy G| title=Anaphylaxis. | journal=Chest | year= 2018 | volume= 153 | issue= 2 | pages= 528-543 | pmid=28800865 | doi=10.1016/j.chest.2017.07.033 | pmc=6026262 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28800865 }} </ref> | Common risk factors in the development of [[anaphylaxis]] include age, sex, geography, history of [[asthma]], [[Atopy|atopic]] history, and interruption of medication.<ref name="pmid28800865">{{cite journal| author=LoVerde D, Iweala OI, Eginli A, Krishnaswamy G| title=Anaphylaxis. | journal=Chest | year= 2018 | volume= 153 | issue= 2 | pages= 528-543 | pmid=28800865 | doi=10.1016/j.chest.2017.07.033 | pmc=6026262 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28800865 }} </ref> <ref name="pmid26154789">{{cite journal| author=Theoharides TC, Valent P, Akin C| title=Mast Cells, Mastocytosis, and Related Disorders. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2015 | volume= 373 | issue= 2 | pages= 163-72 | pmid=26154789 | doi=10.1056/NEJMra1409760 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26154789 }} </ref> <ref name="pmid28780942">{{cite journal| author=Akin C| title=Mast cell activation syndromes. | journal=J Allergy Clin Immunol | year= 2017 | volume= 140 | issue= 2 | pages= 349-355 | pmid=28780942 | doi=10.1016/j.jaci.2017.06.007 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28780942 }} </ref> <ref name="pmid19281912">{{cite journal| author=Metcalfe DD, Schwartz LB| title=Assessing anaphylactic risk? Consider mast cell clonality. | journal=J Allergy Clin Immunol | year= 2009 | volume= 123 | issue= 3 | pages= 687-8 | pmid=19281912 | doi=10.1016/j.jaci.2009.02.003 | pmc=2782434 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19281912 }} </ref> <ref name="pmid21377030">{{cite journal| author=Simons FE, Ardusso LR, Bilò MB, El-Gamal YM, Ledford DK, Ring J | display-authors=etal| title=World Allergy Organization anaphylaxis guidelines: summary. | journal=J Allergy Clin Immunol | year= 2011 | volume= 127 | issue= 3 | pages= 587-93.e1-22 | pmid=21377030 | doi=10.1016/j.jaci.2011.01.038 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21377030 }} </ref> | ||
===Common Risk Factors=== | ===Common Risk Factors=== | ||
*Common risk factors in the development of anaphylaxis include: | |||
**Age, with more incidence in boys younger than 15 and women older than 15 years old. | *Common risk factors in the development of [[anaphylaxis]] include: | ||
**Sex, with more incidence in women exposed to latex and aspirin; men have more incidence with venom stings. | **[[Age]], with more incidence in boys younger than 15 and women older than 15 years old. | ||
**Geography, the incidence of anaphylaxis is higher in Northern areas. | **[[Sexual intercourse|Sex]], with more incidence in women exposed to [[Latex allergy|latex]] and [[aspirin]]; men have more incidence with [[venom]] stings. | ||
**History of asthma places patients at higher risk to develop anaphylaxis. | **Geography, the incidence of [[anaphylaxis]] is higher in Northern areas. | ||
**History of atopy increases the risk of anaphylaxis. | **History of [[asthma]] places patients at higher risk to develop [[anaphylaxis]]. | ||
**Interruption of medications after desensitization can increase the risk of anaphylaxis. | **History of [[atopy]] increases the risk of [[anaphylaxis]]. | ||
**Interruption of [[Medication|medications]] after [[Desensitization (medicine)|desensitization]] can increase the risk of [[anaphylaxis]]. | |||
===Less Common Risk Factors=== | ===Less Common Risk Factors=== | ||
*Less common risk factors in the development of anaphylaxis include: | |||
**Comorbid ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy or coronary arterial disease | *Less common risk factors in the development of [[anaphylaxis]] include: | ||
**Antihypertensive medication use | **Comorbid ischemic [[dilated cardiomyopathy]] or [[coronary arterial disease]] | ||
**Tricyclic antidepressant medication use | **[[Antihypertensive]] medication use | ||
**Monoamine oxidase inhibitor medication use | **[[Tricyclic antidepressant]] medication use | ||
**[[Monoamine oxidase inhibitor]] medication use | |||
**[[Mastocytosis]] | |||
**[[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease|Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease]] | |||
**[[Respiratory tract infection|Upper Respiratory tract]] infection | |||
**Emotional [[Stress (medicine)|stress]] | |||
**[[Fever]] | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Latest revision as of 21:42, 12 April 2021
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1], Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Dushka Riaz, MD
Overview
Common risk factors in the development of anaphylaxis include those related to age, sex, exposure, and other comorbid conditions such as asthma. Delayed use of epinephrine to treat anaphylaxis places patients at increased risk of being hospitalized whereas timely use decreases this risk. [1] Patients that have features of increased risk towards anaphylaxis should be advised to carry auto-injectable epinephrine. [2]
Risk Factors
Common risk factors in the development of anaphylaxis include age, sex, geography, history of asthma, atopic history, and interruption of medication.[3] [4] [5] [6] [7]
Common Risk Factors
- Common risk factors in the development of anaphylaxis include:
- Age, with more incidence in boys younger than 15 and women older than 15 years old.
- Sex, with more incidence in women exposed to latex and aspirin; men have more incidence with venom stings.
- Geography, the incidence of anaphylaxis is higher in Northern areas.
- History of asthma places patients at higher risk to develop anaphylaxis.
- History of atopy increases the risk of anaphylaxis.
- Interruption of medications after desensitization can increase the risk of anaphylaxis.
Less Common Risk Factors
- Less common risk factors in the development of anaphylaxis include:
- Comorbid ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy or coronary arterial disease
- Antihypertensive medication use
- Tricyclic antidepressant medication use
- Monoamine oxidase inhibitor medication use
- Mastocytosis
- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
- Upper Respiratory tract infection
- Emotional stress
- Fever
References
- ↑ Schmoldt A, Benthe HF, Haberland G (1975). "Digitoxin metabolism by rat liver microsomes". Biochem Pharmacol. 24 (17): 1639–41. PMID https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2016-4006 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2016-4006 Check
|pmid=value (help). - ↑ Commins SP (2017). "Outpatient Emergencies: Anaphylaxis". Med Clin North Am. 101 (3): 521–536. doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2016.12.003. PMC 5381731. PMID 28372711.
- ↑ LoVerde D, Iweala OI, Eginli A, Krishnaswamy G (2018). "Anaphylaxis". Chest. 153 (2): 528–543. doi:10.1016/j.chest.2017.07.033. PMC 6026262. PMID 28800865.
- ↑ Theoharides TC, Valent P, Akin C (2015). "Mast Cells, Mastocytosis, and Related Disorders". N Engl J Med. 373 (2): 163–72. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1409760. PMID 26154789.
- ↑ Akin C (2017). "Mast cell activation syndromes". J Allergy Clin Immunol. 140 (2): 349–355. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2017.06.007. PMID 28780942.
- ↑ Metcalfe DD, Schwartz LB (2009). "Assessing anaphylactic risk? Consider mast cell clonality". J Allergy Clin Immunol. 123 (3): 687–8. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2009.02.003. PMC 2782434. PMID 19281912.
- ↑ Simons FE, Ardusso LR, Bilò MB, El-Gamal YM, Ledford DK, Ring J; et al. (2011). "World Allergy Organization anaphylaxis guidelines: summary". J Allergy Clin Immunol. 127 (3): 587-93.e1-22. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2011.01.038. PMID 21377030.