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{{Infobox_gene}}
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'''Cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-1''' is a [[protein]] that in humans is encoded by the ''ATF1'' [[gene]].
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This gene encodes an activating [[transcription factor]], which belongs to the ATF subfamily and [[bZIP]] (basic-region leucine zipper) family. It influences cellular physiologic processes by regulating the expression of downstream target genes, which are related to growth, survival, and other cellular activities. This protein is phosphorylated at serine 63 in its kinase-inducible domain by serine/threonine kinases, cAMP-dependent protein kinase A, calmodulin-dependent protein kinase I/II, mitogen- and [[MAPK13|stress-activated protein kinase]] and [[cyclin-dependent kinase 3]] (cdk-3). Its phosphorylation enhances its transactivation and transcriptional activities, and enhances cell transformation.<ref name = "entrez"/>
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<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
== Clinical significance ==
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image = PBB_Protein_ATF1_image.jpg
| image_source = [[Protein_Data_Bank|PDB]] rendering based on 1dh3.
| PDB = {{PDB2|1dh3}}
| Name = Activating transcription factor 1
| HGNCid = 783
| Symbol = ATF1
| AltSymbols =; EWS-ATF1; FUS/ATF-1; TREB36
| OMIM = 123803
| ECnumber = 
| Homologene = 3790
| MGIid = 1298366
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_ATF1_222103_at_tn.png
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0003700 |text = transcription factor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0043565 |text = sequence-specific DNA binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0046983 |text = protein dimerization activity}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005634 |text = nucleus}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006350 |text = transcription}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006355 |text = regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
    | Hs_EntrezGene = 466
    | Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000123268
    | Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_005162
    | Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_005171
    | Hs_GenLoc_db = 
    | Hs_GenLoc_chr = 12
    | Hs_GenLoc_start = 49444128
    | Hs_GenLoc_end = 49500327
    | Hs_Uniprot = P18846
    | Mm_EntrezGene = 11908
    | Mm_Ensembl = 
    | Mm_RefseqmRNA = XM_001004533
    | Mm_RefseqProtein = XP_001004533
    | Mm_GenLoc_db = 
    | Mm_GenLoc_chr = 
    | Mm_GenLoc_start = 
    | Mm_GenLoc_end = 
    | Mm_Uniprot = 
  }}
}}
'''Activating transcription factor 1''', also known as '''ATF1''', is a human [[gene]].<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: ATF1 activating transcription factor 1| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=466| accessdate = }}</ref>


<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
Fusion of this gene and [[FUS (gene)|FUS]] on chromosome 16 or [[EWSR1]] on chromosome 22 induced by translocation generates chimeric proteins in [[angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma]] and [[clear cell sarcoma]]. This gene has a pseudogene on chromosome 6.<ref name = "entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: ATF1 activating transcription factor 1| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=466| accessdate = }}</ref><ref name="pmid8401579">{{cite journal | vauthors = Zucman J, Delattre O, Desmaze C, Epstein AL, Stenman G, Speleman F, Fletchers CD, Aurias A, Thomas G | title = EWS and ATF-1 gene fusion induced by t(12;22) translocation in malignant melanoma of soft parts | journal = Nat Genet | volume = 4 | issue = 4 | pages = 341–5 |date=November 1993 | pmid = 8401579 | pmc =  | doi = 10.1038/ng0893-341 }}</ref>
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =  
| summary_text =  
}}


==See also==
==See also==
* [[Activating transcription factor]]
* [[Activating transcription factor]]
==Interactions==
ATF1 has been shown to [[Protein-protein interaction|interact]] with:
* [[BRCA1]],<ref name = pmid10945975>{{cite journal | date = November 2000 | vauthors = Houvras Y, Benezra M, Zhang H, Manfredi JJ, Weber BL, Licht JD | title = BRCA1 physically and functionally interacts with ATF1 | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 275 | issue = 46 | pages = 36230–7 | pmid = 10945975 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M002539200}}</ref>
* [[CSNK2A2]],<ref name = pmid9685505>{{cite journal | date = August 1998 | vauthors = Yamaguchi Y, Wada T, Suzuki F, Takagi T, Hasegawa J, Handa H | title = Casein kinase II interacts with the bZIP domains of several transcription factors | journal = Nucleic Acids Res. | volume = 26 | issue = 16 | pages = 3854–61 | pmid = 9685505 | pmc = 147779 | doi = 10.1093/nar/26.16.3854}}</ref>
* [[Casein kinase 2, alpha 1|CSNK2A1]],<ref name = pmid9685505/> and
* [[EWS]].<ref name = "pmid8552387">{{cite journal | vauthors = Fujimura Y, Ohno T, Siddique H, Lee L, Rao VN, Reddy ES | date = January 1996 | title = The EWS-ATF-1 gene involved in malignant melanoma of soft parts with t(12;22) chromosome translocation, encodes a constitutive transcriptional activator | journal = Oncogene | volume = 12 | issue = 1 | pages = 159–67 | pmid = 8552387 | doi = }}</ref>


==References==
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist}}


==Further reading==
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Fujimura Y, Ohno T, Siddique H, Lee L, Rao VN, Reddy ES | title = The EWS-ATF-1 gene involved in malignant melanoma of soft parts with t(12;22) chromosome translocation, encodes a constitutive transcriptional activator | journal = Oncogene | volume = 12 | issue = 1 | pages = 159–67 |date=January 1996 | pmid = 8552387 | doi = | url = | issn = }}
| citations =
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Fujimura Y, Siddique H, Lee L, Rao VN, Reddy ES | title = EWS-ATF-1 chimeric protein in soft tissue clear cell sarcoma associates with CREB-binding protein and interferes with p53-mediated trans-activation function | journal = Oncogene | volume = 20 | issue = 46 | pages = 6653–9 |date=October 2001 | pmid = 11709699 | doi = 10.1038/sj.onc.1204684 | url =  }}
*{{cite journal | author=Rehfuss RP, Walton KM, Loriaux MM, Goodman RH |title=The cAMP-regulated enhancer-binding protein ATF-1 activates transcription in response to cAMP-dependent protein kinase A. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=266 |issue= 28 |pages= 18431-4 |year= 1991 |pmid= 1655749 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Rehfuss RP, Walton KM, Loriaux MM, Goodman RH |title=The cAMP-regulated enhancer-binding protein ATF-1 activates transcription in response to cAMP-dependent protein kinase A. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=266 |issue= 28 |pages= 18431–4 |year= 1991 |pmid= 1655749 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal | author=Yoshimura T, Fujisawa J, Yoshida M |title=Multiple cDNA clones encoding nuclear proteins that bind to the tax-dependent enhancer of HTLV-1: all contain a leucine zipper structure and basic amino acid domain. |journal=EMBO J. |volume=9 |issue= 8 |pages= 2537-42 |year= 1990 |pmid= 2196176 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Yoshimura T, Fujisawa J, Yoshida M |title=Multiple cDNA clones encoding nuclear proteins that bind to the tax-dependent enhancer of HTLV-1: all contain a leucine zipper structure and basic amino acid domain. |journal=EMBO J. |volume=9 |issue= 8 |pages= 2537–42 |year= 1990 |pmid= 2196176 |doi= | pmc=552284 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Hai TW, Liu F, Coukos WJ, Green MR |title=Transcription factor ATF cDNA clones: an extensive family of leucine zipper proteins able to selectively form DNA-binding heterodimers. |journal=Genes Dev. |volume=3 |issue= 12B |pages= 2083-90 |year= 1990 |pmid= 2516827 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Hai TW, Liu F, Coukos WJ, Green MR |title=Transcription factor ATF cDNA clones: an extensive family of leucine zipper proteins able to selectively form DNA-binding heterodimers. |journal=Genes Dev. |volume=3 |issue= 12B |pages= 2083–90 |year= 1990 |pmid= 2516827 |doi=10.1101/gad.3.12b.2083  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Pongubala JM, Atchison ML |title=Activating transcription factor 1 and cyclic AMP response element modulator can modulate the activity of the immunoglobulin kappa 3' enhancer. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=270 |issue= 17 |pages= 10304-13 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7730336 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Pongubala JM, Atchison ML |title=Activating transcription factor 1 and cyclic AMP response element modulator can modulate the activity of the immunoglobulin kappa 3' enhancer. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=270 |issue= 17 |pages= 10304–13 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7730336 |doi=10.1074/jbc.270.17.10304  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Liu F, Thompson MA, Wagner S, ''et al.'' |title=Activating transcription factor-1 can mediate Ca(2+)- and cAMP-inducible transcriptional activation. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=268 |issue= 9 |pages= 6714-20 |year= 1993 |pmid= 8384217 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Liu F, Thompson MA, Wagner S |title=Activating transcription factor-1 can mediate Ca(2+)- and cAMP-inducible transcriptional activation. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=268 |issue= 9 |pages= 6714–20 |year= 1993 |pmid= 8384217 |doi=  |display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal  | author=Zucman J, Delattre O, Desmaze C, ''et al.'' |title=EWS and ATF-1 gene fusion induced by t(12;22) translocation in malignant melanoma of soft parts. |journal=Nat. Genet. |volume=4 |issue= 4 |pages= 341-5 |year= 1993 |pmid= 8401579 |doi= 10.1038/ng0893-341 }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Dorsey MJ, Tae HJ, Sollenberger KG |title=B-ATF: a novel human bZIP protein that associates with members of the AP-1 transcription factor family. |journal=Oncogene |volume=11 |issue= 11 |pages= 2255–65 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8570175 |doi=  |display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal  | author=Dorsey MJ, Tae HJ, Sollenberger KG, ''et al.'' |title=B-ATF: a novel human bZIP protein that associates with members of the AP-1 transcription factor family. |journal=Oncogene |volume=11 |issue= 11 |pages= 2255-65 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8570175 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Sun P, Lou L, Maurer RA |title=Regulation of activating transcription factor-1 and the cAMP response element-binding protein by Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases type I, II, and IV. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=271 |issue= 6 |pages= 3066–73 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8621702 |doi=10.1074/jbc.271.6.3066  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Sun P, Lou L, Maurer RA |title=Regulation of activating transcription factor-1 and the cAMP response element-binding protein by Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases type I, II, and IV. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=271 |issue= 6 |pages= 3066-73 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8621702 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Shimomura A, Ogawa Y, Kitani T |title=Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II potentiates transcriptional activation through activating transcription factor 1 but not cAMP response element-binding protein. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=271 |issue= 30 |pages= 17957–60 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8663317 |doi=10.1074/jbc.271.30.17957 |display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal  | author=Shimomura A, Ogawa Y, Kitani T, ''et al.'' |title=Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II potentiates transcriptional activation through activating transcription factor 1 but not cAMP response element-binding protein. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=271 |issue= 30 |pages= 17957-60 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8663317 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Bonaldo MF, Lennon G, Soares MB |title=Normalization and subtraction: two approaches to facilitate gene discovery. |journal=Genome Res. |volume=6 |issue= 9 |pages= 791–806 |year= 1997 |pmid= 8889548 |doi=10.1101/gr.6.9.791 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Bonaldo MF, Lennon G, Soares MB |title=Normalization and subtraction: two approaches to facilitate gene discovery. |journal=Genome Res. |volume=6 |issue= 9 |pages= 791-806 |year= 1997 |pmid= 8889548 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Kobayashi M, Shimomura A, Hagiwara M, Kawakami K |title=Phosphorylation of ATF-1 enhances its DNA binding and transcription of the Na,K-ATPase alpha 1 subunit gene promoter. |journal=Nucleic Acids Res. |volume=25 |issue= 4 |pages= 877–82 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9016641 |doi=10.1093/nar/25.4.877  | pmc=146500  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Kobayashi M, Shimomura A, Hagiwara M, Kawakami K |title=Phosphorylation of ATF-1 enhances its DNA binding and transcription of the Na,K-ATPase alpha 1 subunit gene promoter. |journal=Nucleic Acids Res. |volume=25 |issue= 4 |pages= 877-82 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9016641 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Soubt MK, Marksitzer R, Menoud PA, Nagamine Y |title=Role of tissue-specific transcription factor LFB3 in a cyclic AMP-responsive enhancer of the urokinase-type plasminogen activator gene in LLC-PK1 cells. |journal=Mol. Cell. Biol. |volume=18 |issue= 8 |pages= 4698–706 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9671480 |doi= | pmc=109056 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Soubt MK, Marksitzer R, Menoud PA, Nagamine Y |title=Role of tissue-specific transcription factor LFB3 in a cyclic AMP-responsive enhancer of the urokinase-type plasminogen activator gene in LLC-PK1 cells. |journal=Mol. Cell. Biol. |volume=18 |issue= 8 |pages= 4698-706 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9671480 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Yamaguchi Y, Wada T, Suzuki F |title=Casein kinase II interacts with the bZIP domains of several transcription factors. |journal=Nucleic Acids Res. |volume=26 |issue= 16 |pages= 3854–61 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9685505 |doi=10.1093/nar/26.16.3854  | pmc=147779 |display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal  | author=Yamaguchi Y, Wada T, Suzuki F, ''et al.'' |title=Casein kinase II interacts with the bZIP domains of several transcription factors. |journal=Nucleic Acids Res. |volume=26 |issue= 16 |pages= 3854-61 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9685505 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Pellín A, Monteagudo C, López-Ginés C |title=New type of chimeric fusion product between the EWS and ATFI genes in clear cell sarcoma (malignant melanoma of soft parts). |journal=Genes Chromosomes Cancer |volume=23 |issue= 4 |pages= 358–60 |year= 1999 |pmid= 9824209 |doi=10.1002/(SICI)1098-2264(199812)23:4<358::AID-GCC11>3.0.CO;2-3 |display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal  | author=Pellín A, Monteagudo C, López-Ginés C, ''et al.'' |title=New type of chimeric fusion product between the EWS and ATFI genes in clear cell sarcoma (malignant melanoma of soft parts). |journal=Genes Chromosomes Cancer |volume=23 |issue= 4 |pages= 358-60 |year= 1999 |pmid= 9824209 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Kabe Y, Goto M, Shima D |title=The role of human MBF1 as a transcriptional coactivator. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=274 |issue= 48 |pages= 34196–202 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10567391 |doi=10.1074/jbc.274.48.34196 |display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal  | author=Kabe Y, Goto M, Shima D, ''et al.'' |title=The role of human MBF1 as a transcriptional coactivator. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=274 |issue= 48 |pages= 34196-202 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10567391 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Sawada J, Simizu N, Suzuki F |title=Synergistic transcriptional activation by hGABP and select members of the activation transcription factor/cAMP response element-binding protein family. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=274 |issue= 50 |pages= 35475–82 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10585419 |doi=10.1074/jbc.274.50.35475  |display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal  | author=Sawada J, Simizu N, Suzuki F, ''et al.'' |title=Synergistic transcriptional activation by hGABP and select members of the activation transcription factor/cAMP response element-binding protein family. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=274 |issue= 50 |pages= 35475-82 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10585419 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Houvras Y, Benezra M, Zhang H |title=BRCA1 physically and functionally interacts with ATF1. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=275 |issue= 46 |pages= 36230–7 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10945975 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M002539200 |display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal  | author=Houvras Y, Benezra M, Zhang H, ''et al.'' |title=BRCA1 physically and functionally interacts with ATF1. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=275 |issue= 46 |pages= 36230-7 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10945975 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M002539200 }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Knöfler M, Saleh L, Bauer S |title=Promoter elements and transcription factors involved in differentiation-dependent human chorionic gonadotrophin-alpha messenger ribonucleic acid expression of term villous trophoblasts. |journal=Endocrinology |volume=141 |issue= 10 |pages= 3737–48 |year= 2000 |pmid= 11014230 |doi=10.1210/en.141.10.3737 |display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal  | author=Knöfler M, Saleh L, Bauer S, ''et al.'' |title=Promoter elements and transcription factors involved in differentiation-dependent human chorionic gonadotrophin-alpha messenger ribonucleic acid expression of term villous trophoblasts. |journal=Endocrinology |volume=141 |issue= 10 |pages= 3737-48 |year= 2000 |pmid= 11014230 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Arthur JS, Cohen P |title=MSK1 is required for CREB phosphorylation in response to mitogens in mouse embryonic stem cells. |journal=FEBS Lett. |volume=482 |issue= 1-2 |pages= 44–8 |year= 2000 |pmid= 11018520 |doi=10.1016/S0014-5793(00)02031-7  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Arthur JS, Cohen P |title=MSK1 is required for CREB phosphorylation in response to mitogens in mouse embryonic stem cells. |journal=FEBS Lett. |volume=482 |issue= 1-2 |pages= 44-8 |year= 2000 |pmid= 11018520 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Andreucci JJ, Grant D, Cox DM |title=Composition and function of AP-1 transcription complexes during muscle cell differentiation. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=277 |issue= 19 |pages= 16426–32 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11877423 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M110891200 |display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal  | author=Andreucci JJ, Grant D, Cox DM, ''et al.'' |title=Composition and function of AP-1 transcription complexes during muscle cell differentiation. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=277 |issue= 19 |pages= 16426-32 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11877423 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M110891200 }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{refend}}


== External links ==
== External links ==
* {{MeshName|ATF1+protein,+human}}
* {{MeshName|ATF1+protein,+human}}
* {{UCSC gene info|ATF1}}


{{PDB Gallery|geneid=466}}
{{Transcription factors|g1}}
{{Regulome
| activates = [[phospholipase D]]
| inhibits =
| activated_by = [[CAMK2A|CaMK II]]<ref name="pmid8663317 group=note">{{cite journal | vauthors = Shimomura A, Ogawa Y, Kitani T, Fujisawa H, Hagiwara M | title = Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II potentiates transcriptional activation through activating transcription factor 1 but not cAMP response element-binding protein | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 271 | issue = 30 | pages = 17957–60 |date=July 1996 | pmid = 8663317 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.271.30.17957| url = http://www.jbc.org/cgi/content/full/271/30/17957 }}</ref>
| inhibited_by =
}}
{{NLM content}}
{{NLM content}}
{{protein-stub}}
 
{{Transcription factors}}
[[Category:Transcription factors]]
[[Category:Transcription factors]]
{{WikiDoc Sources}}
[[Category:Oncogenes]]

Revision as of 17:38, 5 December 2017

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Identifiers
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External IDsGeneCards: [1]
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

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Ensembl

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UniProt

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RefSeq (mRNA)

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Wikidata
View/Edit Human

Cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ATF1 gene.

This gene encodes an activating transcription factor, which belongs to the ATF subfamily and bZIP (basic-region leucine zipper) family. It influences cellular physiologic processes by regulating the expression of downstream target genes, which are related to growth, survival, and other cellular activities. This protein is phosphorylated at serine 63 in its kinase-inducible domain by serine/threonine kinases, cAMP-dependent protein kinase A, calmodulin-dependent protein kinase I/II, mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase and cyclin-dependent kinase 3 (cdk-3). Its phosphorylation enhances its transactivation and transcriptional activities, and enhances cell transformation.[1]

Clinical significance

Fusion of this gene and FUS on chromosome 16 or EWSR1 on chromosome 22 induced by translocation generates chimeric proteins in angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma and clear cell sarcoma. This gene has a pseudogene on chromosome 6.[1][2]

See also

Interactions

ATF1 has been shown to interact with:

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Entrez Gene: ATF1 activating transcription factor 1".
  2. ↑ Zucman J, Delattre O, Desmaze C, Epstein AL, Stenman G, Speleman F, Fletchers CD, Aurias A, Thomas G (November 1993). "EWS and ATF-1 gene fusion induced by t(12;22) translocation in malignant melanoma of soft parts". Nat Genet. 4 (4): 341–5. doi:10.1038/ng0893-341. PMID 8401579.
  3. ↑ Houvras Y, Benezra M, Zhang H, Manfredi JJ, Weber BL, Licht JD (November 2000). "BRCA1 physically and functionally interacts with ATF1". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (46): 36230–7. doi:10.1074/jbc.M002539200. PMID 10945975.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Yamaguchi Y, Wada T, Suzuki F, Takagi T, Hasegawa J, Handa H (August 1998). "Casein kinase II interacts with the bZIP domains of several transcription factors". Nucleic Acids Res. 26 (16): 3854–61. doi:10.1093/nar/26.16.3854. PMC 147779. PMID 9685505.
  5. ↑ Fujimura Y, Ohno T, Siddique H, Lee L, Rao VN, Reddy ES (January 1996). "The EWS-ATF-1 gene involved in malignant melanoma of soft parts with t(12;22) chromosome translocation, encodes a constitutive transcriptional activator". Oncogene. 12 (1): 159–67. PMID 8552387.

Further reading

External links

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.

  1. ↑ Shimomura A, Ogawa Y, Kitani T, Fujisawa H, Hagiwara M (July 1996). "Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II potentiates transcriptional activation through activating transcription factor 1 but not cAMP response element-binding protein". J. Biol. Chem. 271 (30): 17957–60. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.30.17957. PMID 8663317.
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