Optic neuritis

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mohamadmostafa Jahansouz M.D.[2]

Overview

Historical Perspective

Discovery

Optic neuritis was first discovered by von Graefe and Nettleship, in late nineteenth century when ophthalmoscopy became part of the ophthalmic examination.^[1]
The association between systemic sclerosis and optic neuritis was made by the early 1900's but there was much controversy and misunderstanding about its differential diagnosis, pathogenesis, and possible treatment.^[1]
Optic neuritis was first distinguished from infectious,hereditary, toxic, nutritional, and ischemic optic neuropathies during the twentieth century.^[1]
During late twentieth century, the development of MRI and the results from recent clinical trials, discovered the relationship between optic neuritis and multiple sclerosis.^[1]

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Common Causes

Common causes of [disease name] may include:

[Cause1]
[Cause2]
[Cause3]

Differentiating Optic Neuritis from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Optic neuritis typically affects young adults ranging from 18–45 years of age, with a mean age of 30–35 years. There is a strong female predominance. The annual incidence is approximately 5/100,000, with a prevalence estimated to be 115/100,000.^[2]

Age

Gender

Race

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Criteria

Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Prevention

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 Volpe NJ (December 2001). "Optic neuritis: historical aspects". J Neuroophthalmol. 21 (4): 302–9. PMID 11756864.
↑ Rodriguez M, Siva A, Cross SA, O'Brien PC, Kurland LT (1995). "Optic neuritis: a population-based study in Olmsted County, Minnesota". Neurology. 45 (2): 244–50. PMID 7854520.

Template:WikiDoc Sources

[pmid11756864-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 Volpe NJ (December 2001). "Optic neuritis: historical aspects". J Neuroophthalmol. 21 (4): 302–9. PMID 11756864.

[2] Rodriguez M, Siva A, Cross SA, O'Brien PC, Kurland LT (1995). "Optic neuritis: a population-based study in Olmsted County, Minnesota". Neurology. 45 (2): 244–50. PMID 7854520.

[1]

[2]