Sjögren's syndrome natural history, complications and prognosis
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
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Overview
Natural History
Natural History
- The symptoms of Sjögren's syndrome usually develop in the 4th and 5th decade of life, and start with symptoms such as ocular and oral dryness.[1]
- If left untreated, 4.3% of patients with Sjögren's syndrome may progress to develop non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
Complications
- Common complications of Sjögren's syndrome include:[2][3][4]
- Dental cavities
- Yeast infections
- Blurred vision and corneal damage
- Pneumonia
- Bronchitis
- Lymphoma
- peripheral neuropathy
- Myelitis
- Optic neuritis
Prognosis
- Prognosis is generally good and presence of low complement level is associated with a particularly poor prognosis among patients with Sjögren's syndrome.[5]
- Primary Sjögren syndrome is associated with lower cardiovascular risk factors complication such as myocardial infraction and stroke.[6]
References
- ↑ Ioannidis JP, Vassiliou VA, Moutsopoulos HM (March 2002). "Long-term risk of mortality and lymphoproliferative disease and predictive classification of primary Sjögren's syndrome". Arthritis Rheum. 46 (3): 741–7. doi:10.1002/art.10221. PMID 11920410.
- ↑ Voulgarelis M, Dafni UG, Isenberg DA, Moutsopoulos HM (August 1999). "Malignant lymphoma in primary Sjögren's syndrome: a multicenter, retrospective, clinical study by the European Concerted Action on Sjögren's Syndrome". Arthritis Rheum. 42 (8): 1765–72. doi:10.1002/1529-0131(199908)42:8<1765::AID-ANR28>3.0.CO;2-V. PMID 10446879.
- ↑ Ramos-Casals M, Font J, Garcia-Carrasco M, Brito MP, Rosas J, Calvo-Alen J, Pallares L, Cervera R, Ingelmo M (July 2002). "Primary Sjögren syndrome: hematologic patterns of disease expression". Medicine (Baltimore). 81 (4): 281–92. PMID 12169883.
- ↑ Ramos-Casals M, Anaya JM, García-Carrasco M, Rosas J, Bové A, Claver G, Diaz LA, Herrero C, Font J (March 2004). "Cutaneous vasculitis in primary Sjögren syndrome: classification and clinical significance of 52 patients". Medicine (Baltimore). 83 (2): 96–106. PMID 15028963.
- ↑ Ramos-Casals M, Brito-Zerón P, Yagüe J, Akasbi M, Bautista R, Ruano M, Claver G, Gil V, Font J (January 2005). "Hypocomplementaemia as an immunological marker of morbidity and mortality in patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome". Rheumatology (Oxford). 44 (1): 89–94. doi:10.1093/rheumatology/keh407. PMID 15381790.
- ↑ Gupta S, Gupta N (2017). "Sjögren Syndrome and Pregnancy: A Literature Review". Perm J. 21. doi:10.7812/TPP/16-047. PMC 5267941. PMID 28080954.