Hiatus hernia natural history, complications and prognosis

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Amandeep Singh M.D.[2]

Overvie

The symptoms of a hiatus hernia usually develop in the first decade of life in children and start with symptoms such as vomiting, heartburn, regurgitation, and dysphagia. If left untreated, [#]% of patients with a hiatus hernia may progress to develop strangulation, esophageal adenocarcinoma, and gastric volvulus. Prognosis is generally excellent and recovery after surgery in a large hernia is approximately 90%. The disease is well controlled with medical therapy but not cured.

Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis

Natural History

  • The symptoms of a hiatus hernia usually develop in the first decade of life in children and start with symptoms such as vomiting, heartburn, regurgitation, and dysphagia
  • If left untreated, [#]% of patients with a hiatus hernia may progress to develop strangulation, esophageal adenocarcinoma, and gastric volvulus.

Complications

  • Common complications of hiatus hernia include:
    • Anemia from bleeding from erosions caused by reflux esophagitis[1]
    • Esophageal adenocarcinoma[2]
    • Gastric volvulus and perforation in paraesopahgeal type[3]
    • Strangulation in paraesophageal hernia

Prognosis

  • Prognosis is generally excellent and recovery after surgery in a large hernia is approximately 90%.[4]
  • The disease is well controlled with medical therapy but not cured.

References

  1. ↑ Neumann, L.; Poulton, B.; Ridley, S. (1999). "Life-threatening complications of hiatus hernia". Anaesthesia. 54 (1): 93–94. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2044.1999.0759o.x. ISSN 0003-2409.
  2. ↑ Wu AH, Tseng CC, Bernstein L (2003). "Hiatal hernia, reflux symptoms, body size, and risk of esophageal and gastric adenocarcinoma". Cancer. 98 (5): 940–8. doi:10.1002/cncr.11568. PMID 12942560.
  3. ↑ Hennessey D, Convie L, Barry M, Aremu M (2012). "Paraoesophageal hernia: an overview". Br J Hosp Med (Lond). 73 (8): 437–40. PMID 22875520.
  4. ↑ https://online.epocrates.com/diseases/73551/Hiatal-hernia/Prognosis
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