Blastomycosis epidemiology and demographics
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: ; Vidit Bhargava, M.B.B.S [2] Aditya Ganti M.B.B.S. [3]
Overview
Epidemiology
Incidence
- In states where blastomycosis is reportable, yearly incidence rates are approximately 1 to 2 cases per 100,000 population.
- Wisconsin may have the highest incidence of blastomycosis of any state, with yearly rates ranging from 10 to 40 cases per 100,000 persons.[1]
Prevalence
Case fatality rate
- During 1990-2010, the case fatality rate of blastomycosis is 0.21 per 1 million person.
Demographics
Age
Gender
- Men and women are affected equally by blastomycosis.
Race
- There is no racial predilection to blastomycosis
Geographical Distribution
- In the United States, blastomycosis is endemic in southern and southeastern states that border the Ohio River and Mississippi River valleys, as well as in Midwestern states and Canadian provinces that border the Great Lakes and the Saint Lawrence Riverway.
- Historically, most reported cases occurred in Arkansas, Kentucky, Mississippi, North Carolina, Tennessee, Louisiana, Illinois, and Wisconsin.[2]
- Areas in which the disease is hyperendemic exist in north-central Wisconsin and the northern region of Ontario, Canada. [2]
- Blastomycosis is distributed internationally; cases are sometimes reported from Africa, India, Middle east, Mexco, Central and South America.[3]
Gallery
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![Map of eastern United States and Canada showing distribution of reported cases of blastomycosis. From Public Health Image Library (PHIL). [4]](/images/4/43/Blastomycosis36.jpeg)
Map of eastern United States and Canada showing distribution of reported cases of blastomycosis. From Public Health Image Library (PHIL). [4]
![Map of eastern United States and Canada showing distribution of reported cases of blastomycosis. From Public Health Image Library (PHIL). [4]](/index.php/File:Blastomycosis36.jpeg)
References
- ↑ Baumgardner DJ, Buggy BP, Mattson BJ, Burdick JS, Ludwig D (1992). "Epidemiology of blastomycosis in a region of high endemicity in north central Wisconsin". Clin. Infect. Dis. 15 (4): 629–35. PMID 1420675.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Blastomycosis--Wisconsin, 1986-1995". MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 45 (28): 601–3. 1996. PMID 8676851.
- ↑ Alvarez G, Burns B, Desjardins M, Salahudeen S, AlRashidi F, Cameron D (2006). "Blastomycosis in a young African man presenting with a pleural effusion". Can Respir J. 13 (8): 441–4. PMID 17149463.
- ↑ "Public Health Image Library (PHIL)".