Blastomycosis epidemiology and demographics
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: ; Vidit Bhargava, M.B.B.S [2] Aditya Ganti M.B.B.S. [3]
Overview
The annual incidence rates of blastomycosis is estimated approximately to be 1 to 2 cases per 100,000 population. Between 1993 and 2003, a total of 500 cases are reported, with the majority of cases coming from the northeastern part of United states. Most of the cases are reported in Wisconsin, Manitoba (Canada), and Ontario. The case fatality rate of blastomycosis is 0.21 per 1 million individuals when left untreated. Blastomycosis is also seen internationally, as cases are reported from Africa, India, Middle east, Mexico, Central and South America. Men and women are affected equally by blastomycosis. The prevalence of blastomycosis is not affected by age. All the individuals who are exposed to the fungi can develop the disease
Epidemiology
Incidence
- The annual incidence rates of blastomycosis is estimated approximately to be 1 to 2 cases per 100,000 population.
- Wisconsin has the highest incidence of blastomycosis of any state, with yearly rates ranging from 10 to 40 cases per 100,000 persons.[1]
Case fatality rate
- During 1990-2010, the case fatality rate of blastomycosis is 0.21 per 1 million person.[2]
Demographics
Age
The prevalence of blastomycosis is not effected by age. All the individuals who are exposed to the fungi can develop the disease.
Gender
- Men and women are affected equally by blastomycosis.
Race
- There is no racial predilection to blastomycosis
Geographical Distribution
- In the United States, blastomycosis is endemic in southern and southeastern states that border the Ohio River and Mississippi River valleys, as well as in Midwestern states and Canadian provinces that border the Great Lakes and the Saint Lawrence Riverway.
- Blastomycosis is reportable in Arkansas, Louisiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Illinois and Wisconsin.[3]
- The disease is hyperendemic in north-central Wisconsin and the northern region of Ontario, Canada. [3]
- Blastomycosis is distributed internationally, cases are reported from Africa, India, Middle east, Mexico, Central and South America.[4]
Map of eastern United States and Canada showing distribution of blastomycosis. From Public Health Image Library (PHIL). [5]
References
- ↑ Baumgardner DJ, Buggy BP, Mattson BJ, Burdick JS, Ludwig D (1992). "Epidemiology of blastomycosis in a region of high endemicity in north central Wisconsin". Clin. Infect. Dis. 15 (4): 629–35. PMID 1420675.
- ↑ Khuu D, Shafir S, Bristow B, Sorvillo F (2014). "Blastomycosis mortality rates, United States, 1990-2010". Emerging Infect. Dis. 20 (11): 1789–94. doi:10.3201/eid2011.131175. PMC 4214285. PMID 25339251.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Blastomycosis--Wisconsin, 1986-1995". MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 45 (28): 601–3. 1996. PMID 8676851.
- ↑ Alvarez G, Burns B, Desjardins M, Salahudeen S, AlRashidi F, Cameron D (2006). "Blastomycosis in a young African man presenting with a pleural effusion". Can Respir J. 13 (8): 441–4. PMID 17149463.
- ↑ "Public Health Image Library (PHIL)".