Primary hypertriglyceridemia

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Usama Talib, BSc, MD [2]

Overview

Primary hypertriglyceridemia i.e type 4 hyper lipidemia is due to high concentration of triglycerides in the blood. It is also known as hypertriglyceridemia (or pure hypertriglyceridemia). According to the NCEP-ATPIII definition of high triglycerides (>200 mg/dl), prevalence is about 16% of adult population. Elevated levels of triglycerides can be detrimental for the normal cardiac functioning.

Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis

A large number of people in the US (approximately one fourth of the total population) have a high level of triglycerides (>150mg/dl) that can predispose and lead to numerous complications including

• Cardiovascular diseases
• Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)
• Pancreatitis

Medical Therapy

The mainstay of therapy for hypertriglyceridemia includes life style modifications to lower the triglyceride levels to below 150 mg/dl. A reduction of weight by 5-10 % can help decrease the triglyceride levels by 20%. If the triglyceride levels are excessively increased, control of blood levels can be achieved by various medical therapies varying according to the level of triglycerides found in the body. Moderate increase i.e >500 can be treated by statins while severe increase that is >1000 need to be treated by using a fibrate as the primary treatment.