Multiple myeloma history and symptoms

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

The most common symptoms of multiple myeloma include fatigue, pallor, and bone pain.[1] However, the presenting symptoms of multiple myeloma may vary greatly due to involvement of many organ systems. The common symptoms of multiple myeloma can be remembered by the mnemonic CRAB - C = Calcium (elevated), R =Renal failure, A = Anemia, B = Bone lesions.[2]

History

  • When evaluating a patient for multiple myeloma, you should take a detailed history of the presenting symptom (duration, onset, progression), other associated symptoms, and a thorough medication review. Other specific areas of focus when obtaining the history are outlined below: :[3]
    • Reviewing past medical history for other plasma cell diseases.
    • Reviewing family history for any family member with positive history of the disease.
    • Review any occupational history related to farming or oil industry.
    • Review any exposure to petroleum, radiation, or toxic chemicals.

Common Symptoms

Symptoms of multiple myeloma include:[4]

  • Usually involves the spine and ribs, and worsens with activity.
  • Persistent localized pain may indicate a pathological bone fracture
  • Neurological symptoms
  • Hypercalcemia related symptmos
  • Polyurea
  • Polydypsia
  • Constipation
  • Bone marrow failure related symptoms
  • Bleeding
  • easy bruising
  • Lower limb edema due to renal involvement.
  • Recurrent infections

References

  1. ↑ Multiple myeloma. Wikipedia (2015) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_myeloma#Signs_and_symptoms Accessed on September, 20th 2015
  2. ↑ International Myeloma Working Group. Criteria for the classification of monoclonal gammopathies, multiple myeloma and related disorders: a report of the International Myeloma Working Group. Br J Haematol 2003;121:749-57. PMID 12780789.
  3. ↑ Multiple myeloma. MedlinePlus (2015)http://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Multiple_myeloma_risk_factors&action=edit&section=2 Accessed on Septmeber, 20th 2015
  4. ↑ Multiple myeloma. Wikipedia (2015) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_myeloma#Signs_and_symptoms Accessed on September, 20th 2015


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