Epidural abscess causes

Jump to navigation Jump to search

Epidural abscess Microchapters

Home

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Epidural abscess from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

CT

MRI

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Epidural abscess causes On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Epidural abscess causes

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Epidural abscess causes

CDC on Epidural abscess causes

Epidural abscess causes in the news

Blogs on Epidural abscess causes

Directions to Hospitals Treating Epidural abscess

Risk calculators and risk factors for Epidural abscess causes

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: João André Alves Silva, M.D. [2] Ogheneochuko Ajari, MB.BS, MS [3]

Overview

Common causes of intracranial epidural abscess include paranasal sinusitis, osteomyelitis of the skull, extension of infection from otitis, mastoiditis or orbit, and direct inoculation during a surgical procedure or trauma. Common causes of spinal epidural abscess include spinal instrumentation, vascular access and IV drug use.

Causes

Life Threatening Causes

Life-threatening conditions may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated. Epidural abscess is a life-threatening condition and must be treated as such irrespective of the cause.

Common Causes

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular No underlying causes
Chemical/Poisoning No underlying causes
Dental No underlying causes
Dermatologic No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect No underlying causes
Ear Nose Throat Cholesteatoma, mastoiditis, otitis, sinusitis
Endocrine No underlying causes
Environmental No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic No underlying causes
Genetic No underlying causes
Hematologic Bloodstream infection
Iatrogenic Anesthetic procedures, back surgery, craniotomy, epidural analgesia, epidural catheter, neurosurgery, post-surgical infections, scalp venous catheter, spinal surgery
Infectious Disease Aerobic gram-negative bacilli, anaerobes, anaerobic streptococci, aspergillus, blastomycosis, bloodstream infection, bone infections, candida, coagulase-negative staphylococci, dracunculus, echinococcus, encephalitis, escherichia coli, fungi, gram-negative bacilli, gram-negative bacteria, gram-positive bacilli, HIV, mastoiditis, meningitis, microaerophilic organisms, MRSA, mycobacterium tuberculosis, osteomyelitis, otitis, parasites, peptostreptococcus, post-surgical infections, propionibacterium, pseudomonas aeruginosa, pyogenic infectious discitis, sinusitis, sporothrix, staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, streptococci
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic Bone infections, osteomyelitis, pyogenic infectious discitis
Neurologic Encephalitis, head injury, meningitis
Nutritional/Metabolic No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic No underlying causes
Oncologic No underlying causes
Ophthalmologic No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity No underlying causes
Psychiatric No underlying causes
Pulmonary Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Renal/Electrolyte No underlying causes
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy Immunocompromised host, Low CD4+ cell count
Sexual No underlying causes
Trauma Head injury, road traffic accidents, trauma
Urologic No underlying causes
Miscellaneous Back surgery

Causes in Alphabetical Order

The unnamed parameter 2= is no longer supported. Please see the documentation for {{columns-list}}.
2

Causes of Epidural Abscess Bases on Classification

Although some infectious organisms might be responsible for either type of epidural abscess, others are more common of one of those. Therefore, it is important to specify the most common causes of each epidural abscess, in order for the physician to start proper therapy as early as possible. [1][2][3][4][5]

Intracranial Epidural Abscess

Spinal Epidural Abscess

References

  1. Darouiche, Rabih O. (2006). "Spinal Epidural Abscess". New England Journal of Medicine. 355 (19): 2012–2020. doi:10.1056/NEJMra055111. ISSN 0028-4793.
  2. Danner, R. L.; Hartman, B. J. (1987). "Update of Spinal Epidural Abscess: 35 Cases and Review of the Literature". Clinical Infectious Diseases. 9 (2): 265–274. doi:10.1093/clinids/9.2.265. ISSN 1058-4838.
  3. Nussbaum ES, Rigamonti D, Standiford H, Numaguchi Y, Wolf AL, Robinson WL (1992). "Spinal epidural abscess: a report of 40 cases and review". Surg Neurol. 38 (3): 225–31. PMID 1359657.
  4. Darouiche RO, Hamill RJ, Greenberg SB, Weathers SW, Musher DM (1992). "Bacterial spinal epidural abscess. Review of 43 cases and literature survey". Medicine (Baltimore). 71 (6): 369–85. PMID 1359381.
  5. Longo, Dan L. (Dan Louis) (2012). Harrison's principles of internal medici. New York: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 978-0-07-174889-6.
  6. Griffiths DL (1980). "Tuberculosis of the spine: a review". Adv Tuberc Res. 20: 92–110. PMID 7395641.

Template:WH Template:WS