Tuberculosis epidemiology and demographics
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Tuberculosis, or TB is a bacterial infection that kills 3 million people worldwide, more people than any other infection in the world. Approximately one-third of the world is infected, and 15 million people in the US. Active tuberculosis kills 60% of the time if not treated, but treatment cures 90% of patients. Most people are infected with TB have latent TB. This means that the bacteria is controlled by the body's immune system. People with latent TB do not have symptoms and cannot transmit TB to other people. However, later if the infected person has a weakened immune system (AIDS, young children, elderly, sick with other diseases, etc.), the bacteria can break out leading to active TB, or TB disease.
Epidemiology
Tuberculosis is one of the world's deadliest diseases. Since 1990, the mortality rate of TB decreased 45%, and the 2015 global target is a 50% reduction of this rate. It is estimated that about 1/3 of the world's population is infected with TB:[1][2]
- In 2012 about 8.6 million people developed symptomatic TB
- 1.1 million of these cases occurred among people with HIV
- 1.3 million people died from TB
- 320 000 of these cases occurred among people with HIV
In the United States, a total of 9 582 cases were reported in 2013. This represents an incidence of 3.0 cases per 100 000 persons.[1][2]
Compared to 2012, both the number of TB cases reported and the case rate have decreased, 5.4% and 6.1%, respectively.[1][2]
HIV Coinfection
TB is a leading killer of people who are infected with HIV. In 2012, 46% of notified TB patients had a documented HIV test result. Africa has the highest TB/HIV burden, where three out of four TB patients know their HIV status. In 2012, 4.1 million people enrolled in HIV care were screened for TB, up from 3.5 million in 2011. Globally, 57% of the TB patients known to be living with HIV in 2012 were started on antiretroviral therapy (ART).[1][2]
Age
An estimated 530 000 children became ill with TB and 74 000 children who were HIV-negative died of TB in 2012.[1][2]
Gender
410 000 women died from TB in 2012, including 160 000 among women who were HIV-positive. Of the overall TB deaths among HIV-positive people, 50% were among women. TB is one of the top killers of women of reproductive age.[1][2]
Race
Developed Countries
Developing Countries
Rate of Tuberculosis (TB) Compared Between U.S. Born Persons and Foreign-Born Persons Living in the United States
In 2005, the TB rate in foreign-born persons in the United States (21.8 cases per 100,000 persons) was 8.7 times greater than that of U.S.-born persons (2.5 cases per 100,000 persons).
Rates of Tuberculosis (TB) for Different Racial and Ethnic Populations†
- American Indians or Alaska Natives: 6.9 cases per 100,000 persons
- Asians: 25.8 cases per 100,000 persons
- Blacks: 10.9 cases per 100,000 persons
- Native Hawaiians and other Pacific Islanders: 13.8 cases per 100,000 persons
- Hispanics or Latinos: 9.5 cases per 100,000 persons
- Whites: 1.3 cases per 100,000 persons
† For this report, persons identified as white, black, Asian, American Indian/Alaska Native, native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, or of multiple races are all non-Hispanic. Persons identified as Hispanic may be of any race.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 "Tuberculosis (TB)".
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 "Tuberculosis".
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 World Health Organization (WHO). Global tuberculosis control - surveillance, planning, financing WHO Report 2006. Retrieved on 13 October 2006.