Viral encephalitis physical examination

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For patient information, click here Template:Encephalitis Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Encephalitis is an acute inflammation of the brain, commonly caused by a viral infection. Sometimes, encephalitis can result from a bacterial infection, such as bacterial meningitis, or it may be a complication of other infectious diseases like rabies (viral) or syphilis (bacterial). Certain parasitic or protozoal infestations, such as toxoplasmosis, malaria, or primary amoebic meningoencephalitis, can also cause encephalitis in people with compromised immune systems. Brain damage occurs as the inflamed brain pushes against the skull, and can lead to death.

Physical examination

Focal

Focal neurological signs are found commonly in patients with Herpes simplex encephalitis. Common findings in encephalitis are:

  • Hemiparesis
  • Focal seizures
  • Autonomic dysfunction
  • Cranial nerve palsy
  • Dysphagia

Diffuse

  • Altered sensorium
  • Personality changes
  • Dystonia
  • Ataxia
  • Meningismus

See also

Template:WikiDoc Sources