Lupus nephritis overview

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Differentiating Lupus nephritis from other Diseases

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

Overview

Historical Perspective

Lupus Nephritis was first discovered by Osler and Jadassohn, two physicians, in 1948 by the discovery of the LE cell in 1948. The word "lupus" means wolf in Latin, as the destructive injuries SLE causes brought to mind wolf bites. The history of lupus erythematosus can be divided into three periods: classical, neoclassical, and modern. The classical period mostly refers to ancient history, when there was no exact definition of the disease. During the neoclassical lupus era, scientists investigated the manifestations of lupus and worked to define the disease's action. Modern history is mostly focused on a microscopical understanding of the disease and pathogenesis of SLE.

Classification

Lupus nephritis may be classified according to the Renal Pathology Society/International Society of Nephrology (RPS/ISN) classification which includes minimal mesangial lupus nephritis (class I), mesangial proliferative lupus nephritis (class II), focal lupus nephritis (class III), diffuse lupus nephritis (class IV), lupus membranous nephropathy (class V) and advanced sclerosing lupus nephritis (class VI)

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Hereditary pancreatitis from Other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Criteria

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

X-ray

Ultrasound

CT scan

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Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

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