Tuberculosis physical examination
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
A physical exam can provide valuable information about the patient’s overall condition and other factors that may affect how tuberculosis is treated, such as HIV infection or other illnesses. The most common physical findings include fever, decreased breath sounds, tachypnea and tachycardia. Physical findings will depend on the location of the tuberculosis infection.
Physical Examination
Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Physical findings for pulmonary tuberculosis include:
Some patients with active tuberculosis might have a normal physical examination and further testing need to be done.
Extra-Pulmonary Tuberculosis
All forms of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis can include findings of pulmonary tuberculosis such as cachexia, fever, tachypnea, tachycardia, and can be associated with an active pulmonary infection, in which the physical examination would include cough, hemoptysis, and decreased breath sounds.
Extra-Pulmonary Location | Additional Physical Examination Findings |
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Tuberculous Lymphadenitis | Cervical lymph node enlargement |
Skeletal Tuberculosis |
|
Central Nervous System Tuberculosis | Headache, altered mental status, CN palsy, papilledema, hemiparesis, vomiting, nuchal rigidity. |
Tuberculosis Peritonitis | |
Miliary Tuberculosis | |
Tuberculous Pericarditis | Tachycardia, pulsus paradoxus and hypotension (in cardiac tamponade), jugular venous distension with a prominent Y descent and Kussmaul's sign, pleural dullness, a pericardial knock, pericardial rub and distant heart sounds, hepatomegaly, ascites, ankle edema. |
Renal Tuberculosis | |
Adapted from Asian Spine J. Feb 2014; 8(1): 97–111[1]; Handbook of Clinical Neurology[2] |
References
- ↑ Moon, Myung-Sang (2014). "Tuberculosis of Spine: Current Views in Diagnosis and Management". Asian Spine Journal. 8 (1): 97. doi:10.4184/asj.2014.8.1.97. ISSN 1976-1902.
- ↑ Garcia-Monco, Juan Carlos (2014). "Tuberculosis". 121: 1485–1499. doi:10.1016/B978-0-7020-4088-7.00100-0. ISSN 0072-9752.